Archieved Data

The technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework is increasing in use by educational technology researchers around the world who are interested in issues related to technology integration. Three own body of knowledge i.e technological, pedagogical and content knowledge, intersect each other and generate a new knowledge. The framework proposes that combining these three core types of knowledge results in four additional types of knowledge: pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The TPACK , arising from the core intersection of these three information components. Some similar frameworks have been developed both independently and directly out of the TPACK framework, most based upon Shulman?s model of Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The TPACK framework offers several possibilities for promoting research in teacher education, teacher professional development, and teachers? use of technology. It offers options for looking at a complex phenomenon like technology integration in ways that are now flexible and adaptable to analysis and development. TPACK framework develop the ability of teachers to use and understand the advent technology that reduce the generational digital divide, which is a common barrier because it challenges teachers to keep up with the ever changing technology in classroom.

CK, PK, TK, CPK, CTK, TPK, TPACK.

1. Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2008). Introducing TPACK. In AACTE Committee on Innovation & Technology (Eds.), Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge for educators (pp. 3?29). New York, NY: Routledge. 2. Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108 (6), 1017?1054. 3. Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Kereluik, K. (2009). The song remains the same: Looking back to the future of educational technology. TechTrends, 53 (5), 48?53., 4. Shulman, L. E. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Research, 15 (2), 4?14.

The research paper presented is related to "Comparative study of mental health of students studying in secondary schools of Gwalior city". The main objective of this research paper is to study the mental health of the students. Yoga, meditation and nutrition elements are very important for the health of the students. Mental health means the ability to balance feelings, desires, ambitions and ideals in daily life, ie the ability to face and accept the realities of life. Mental health is intended to maintain positive self-evaluation, articulation of reality, personality synthesis, group, life behavior, autonomy and environmental competence among individuals.

Secondary schools, students, mental health.

1. Garg, Omprakash, Chaturvedi Sudha, (2007), "The Psycho-social Basis of Learning and Education", Apollo Publications, New Delhi. 2. Kapil, HK, (2003), Research Methods, HP Bhargava Book House, 4/230 Kachhari Ghat, Agra. 3. Mathur, S. S., (2005), Education Psychology, Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra. 4. Verma, Sandhya (2005), Physiology and Health Sciences, Vinod Book Temple, Agra. 5. Jaiswal, Sitaram (1975), Adjustment Psychology, Uttar Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy Lucknow.

Human personality is a complex entity with diverse elements manifesting themselves through various activities. That man has mind, body and spirit is characteristic of Indian thought. All schools of Hindu philosophy hold that essential nature of man is divine and different from body and mind and is called as Atman. Every human being has an inner individuality, which is unique, and no two persons can have identical inner individually. This is personality of the person. The individuality is connected to I- consciousness or ego. It is this ego? which gives the sense of individuality to the human personality. This is the uniqueness of man. Personality could be divided into the following three types Personality, True and Mature Personality, Unstable Personality, Artificial Personality. For proper development of man it is very important that the personality should not be unstable or artificial or week one.

Personality Development, Idealism, Spirituality, Importance of Physical Training, Social Relationship.

1. ?Man Making Education - Swami Muktidananda - Prabuddba Bharat, vol 101, Nov 1996, P 616. 1a. Personality Development - Swami Nityasthananda - Prabuddha Bharat, vol 100, April 1995, P 532-38. 2. Facets of Ego-Swami Nityasthananda-Prabuddha Bharat, vol 102, April 1997, P 348 - 382. 3. The complete works of Swami Vivekananda - Advaita Ashrma, Calcutta, 1989, vol 3 P 381. 4. ibid vol 1, p 54. 5. ibid vol 4, p 358. 6. ibid vol 1, p 27. 6a. ibid vol 2, p 152. 7. Ethics in management - Swami Tattajnanananda, Prabuddha Bharat, Vol 100, April 1995, P 545-550. 8. Reflections on consciousness - Swami Nityasthananda, Prabuddha Bharat, vol 100, Oct 1995, P 829. 9. Peck, M. Scott, The Road Less Travelled, P 282, 303. 10. Frankl, Victor E., The Unconscious God, P 79.

Adolescence is the third stage of human development after birth, which begins after the end of childhood, and lasts until the onset of adulthood. This period is considered to be the most difficult period due to the relationship between physical, mental and social and adult age occurring in this period. Recently, adolescence has been called the stage of conflict, tension, tension and protest. Some scholars also call it a problematic state. Many types of emotions are present in adolescents and stability is found in the emotions that keep them distracted. In this state, when their parents have a state of affection, they feel happy to find themselves in a harmonious environment which has an effect on their behavior and tender mind.

Adolescence, impulse, intelligence, emotional intelligence.

1. Nanda, P. Ed Panu, G. (2005) Emotional Stability and Socio - Personal Factors, Indian Journal of Psychometry and Education. 2. Pamela, H. Oliver and others (2009), Wig Pive Parental Personality Trades, Parenting Wheeler and Adolescent Wheeler Prablumsru A Meditation Model Personality and Individual Differences 47, 900, 631, - 636 3. Pandey, Ravi Prakash (1996) Emotional development of a child in adolescence. Ph. D. Thesis Management, Jaunpur Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Page No. 98 4. Pathak, Shweta (2012) Parental Monitoring and Self - Discovery of Adolescents, IO. s. R. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Value - 5 Issue 2 Page 01 - 05

The central focus of microteaching is to develop and sharp the required teaching skills and eliminating errors during practice teaching. It enables to express behavior?s importance in classroom teaching. It positively increases the self confidence of the pupil teacher. It is a continuing training process applicable at all stages of teaching, not only at the beginning of career but further also. It is able to project model of instructional skills. A constructive feedback and expert supervision is also provided during micro teaching. It is a repeated practice of pupil teachers without adverse consequences. Hence, present paper aims at specifying that micro teaching is an effective practice for pupil teachers.

Micro teaching, Effective Practice, Pupil Teacher.

1. Elliot J. A microteaching experiment at MEDUNSA. S Afr Med J. 1982; 62: 868-70. 2. Singh LC, Sharma RD. Department of Teacher education NCERT, New Delhi. Microteaching Theory and practice. 1987. 3. Paintal I. Microteaching ? A handbook for Teachers. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.1980. 4. Ananthakrishnan N. Microteaching as a vehicle of teacher training ? Its advantages and disadvantages. J Postgrad Med. 1993; 39: 142-3. 5. Allen DW, Eve AW. Microteaching. Theory into Practice. 1968; 7(5):181-185. 6. Demir S. Two inseparable facets of technology integration programs: Technology and theoretical framework. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education. 2011; 7(2): 75-88. 7. Politzer R. Microteaching: A new approach to teacher training and research. Hispania. 1969; 52(2): 244-248. 8. Aggarwal JC. Essentials of Education Technology. Third edition, 2011. 9. Clift JC, Batten H, Burke G, Malley J. Structure of the skill acquisition phase of a microteaching. 10. Deighton LC (Ed). The Encyclopedia of Education. 1971; Vol 9. 11. Koross R. Microteaching an efficient technique for learning effective teaching skills: Pre-service teachers? perspective. IRA-International Journal of Education and Multidiciplinary Studies. 2016; 4(2):289-299.

This study examined the creativity of High School students of different board in Tilda block. In this study survey method of research is used. 105 high school students of different board are randomly selected from different school of Tilda block. The tool used for data collection was creativity test developed by B.K. Passai. The level of creativity is average in High School students of different board of Tilda block. There is no significant difference in the creativity with respect to gender and boards of High school students.

Creativity, Board, High School, level.

1. Agrawal, Y.P. (1988) Research in emerging fields of education New Delhi sterling Publication. 2. Golwalker, S.A. (1984) ?A study of scientific attitude, creativity and academic achievement of tribal student of Rajasthan.? 3. Kothari, C.R. and Garg, Gaurav, (2016) Research methodology and Techniques, New Age international (p) Ltd. publication New Delhi. 4. Sharma, Ritu. Educational research and statistics New Delhi Alpha Publication. 5. Sharma, S.R. (1994) Methods of educational Research, New Delhi Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd. 6. Buch, M.B. (Ed.) (1978) Second Survey of Research in Education, (1972 ? 1978). New Delhi: National Council for Educational Research and Training. 7. Buch, M.B. (Ed.) (1986) Third Survey of Research in Education, (1978 ? 1983). New Delhi: National Council for Educational Research and Training. 8. Buch, M.B. (Ed.) (1991) Fourth Survey of Research in Education, (1983 ? 1988). NewDelhi: National Council for Educational Research and Training. 9. Grewal, Avinash (1981) A Study of Hypotheses Testing Abilities in Science in Relation to Intelligence, Creativity and Scio?Economic Status, Ph.D. Thesis, M.S. University, Baroda. 10. Passi, B.K. (1971) An Extraordinary Study of Creativity and its Relationship with Intelligence and Achievement in School Subjects at Higher Secondary Stage. Ph.D. Thesis, Punjab University. 11. Srivastava, Veena (1992) A Study of Creativity among High School Students in Relation to Scientific Aptitude and Attitude towards Science, Ph.D., in Education, Agra University. 12. Huw & Adey p(2002) A scientific creativitytest for secondary school students. International journal of science education24(4) 389-404 13. BHASKARA, S., ?A Study of Effectiveness of Verbal Creativity,Instructional Materials at School Stage?, Unpublished Ph.D., thesis in Education, MSU, 1982. 14. Bhogyta, C.K. (1986) ?A Study of the Relationship amongst Creativity, Self-Concept and Locus of Control?, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis in Education, Saurashtra University, 1986.

Madhya Pradesh is called the heartland of India because it is not only located in the 'central' part of India, but it also holds the cultural (oldest) heritage of India at its heart. Madhya Pradesh is not only called the heartland of India from a geographical point of view, but also socially, economically and culturally, it is called the heartland of India, because from ancient times to modern times, Madhya Pradesh's social structure, governance, economy and Cultural power has been the focal point. Gwalior-Chambal division is a stronghold of politics in Madhya Pradesh, its cultural heritage is also included in this place today. It is inhabited by people of every class and caste. Dalits and backward classes also reside here. The main objective of the research paper presented is to study the social and economic background of Dalit movements in Gwalior Chambal division.

Dalit movement, social and economic background.

1. Pandey, S. K., History of Ancient India. 2. Bhatnagar, Rajendra Mohan (1994) Dr. Ambedkar Thinking and Thoughts, Jagataram and Sons Publications, New Delhi. 3. Deepvansh, Buddhist text. 4. Kumar, Vivek. Caste, Reservation and Dalit in Democracy, Samyak Prakashan, Delhi. 5. Prasad, Chandrabhan. Indian Society and Dalit Politics, Gautam Book Center, New Delhi.

The main objective of the research paper presented is to study the attitude of students towards education in the context of women empowerment of graduate level students. Women's empowerment is interpreted as if women are being strengthened to face a particular category of men. In Indian society, women have been given equal rights as men since ancient times. He was granted full right to preserve the dignity of his life and to live a dignified life. Even in the fields of education and knowledge science, women were given complete freedom to enhance and express their talent. There is an awareness of women empowerment among students and students, but it is a matter of research how their attitude towards education is in the context of women empowerment. These facts are described in the research paper.

Women Empowerment, Education and Attitude.

1. Arvind, Women Empowerment Scheme through Panchayats, October 2008. 2. Anand N., Women in Indian Society, Rawat Publication, Jaipur. 3. Altekar, S.S., The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization Banarsidas Motilal Publishers Company, Banaras, 1956. 4. Varma Saroj Kumar, Lecture in the Philosophy Department of the Indian Century (BRA Bihar) University of Empowerment Muzaffarpur, October 2008. 5. Bhargava Mahesh, "Modern Psychology Testing and Measurement". Bhargava Book House, 2009. 6. Bhatt Jai Shri S., Marital Violence and Indian Asmita, Aditya Publication Bina, Sagar.

The way in which the role of 'social media' as a digital propaganda more than a star campaigner is being discussed in the last years in India, especially in the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections since 2014, is a matter of consideration in itself. It is because during elections in India it has always been seen that the electoral candidates of any party or any party are willing to campaign with the star campaigner during all the elections, because the public interest in listening and watching it is more. is. These may include the party's fire brand leaders, social workers and film artists, to a large extent easing the way for a candidate's victory. But if we look at the US general elections in 2008, it proves that social media has played a big role in the victory of Democratic candidate Barack Hussein Obama. Similarly, in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections in India, the Bharatiya Janata Party contacted the voters directly through social media, which resulted in a historic victory. At the same time, if we look at the Delhi assembly elections, Kejriwal's Aam Aadmi Party gave almost a clean needle to the opposition in the elections. Both social media and smartphones have a special role in such unexpected results. For the first time, this type of digital experimentation was taking place directly from both the candidate and the voter. It can now be said that social media is a revolutionary experiment in the field of mass communication. Similarly, in the Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections (2017), the impact of social media on the voters, which cannot be denied.

Star Companion, Social Media, Voters, Clean Needle, Website, Mandated Online, Political Parties, Democratic, IT Professionals, Election Campaign, Internet, Information Technology, Global Village.

1. Kandhari, Y. (2017, October 18). Dailyexcelsior Dot Com. Retrieved August 27, 2018, from dailyexcelsior Web site: http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/social-media-indian-politics/ 2. Lucknow/Internet, D. (2013, July 28). Amar Ujala Online Newspaper. Retrieved January 15, 2018, from Amar Ujala Web Site: https://www.amarujala.com 3. Pradesh, G. o. (2011). Lucknow, District Census Handbook. Lucknow: DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. 4. Rai, L. (2018, March 03). Dainik Jagran. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from Dainik Jagran Web Site: www.epaper.com dainik Jagran 5. Shah, P. (2018, August 18). Atal had his website as early as 1999 polls. The Times of India , p. 4. 6. Singh, R. (2017, January 8). First Post. Retrieved Septembar 1, 2018, from First Post Web Site: https://hindi.firstpost.com/politics/up-assembly-election-2017-fight-on-social-media-8885.html 7. Wani, G., & Alone, N. ( 2014). International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (6). 7363-7366. 8. http://www.mediacrooks.com/2014/06/media-lessons-that-bjp-needs (;g osclkbV 19] vxLr] 2018 dks ns[kh xbZ Fkh) 9. https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/news/UP-LUCK-upele-up-election-2017-third-phase-voting-news-hindi-5531871-PHO.html-(;g osclkbV 31] vxLr] 2018 dks ns[kh xbZ Fkh) 10. https://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/statistical_reportge2014.aspx (;g osclkbV 1] flRkEcj] 2018 dks ns[kh xbZ Fkh) 11. Research Article, (International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (6), 2014, 7363-7366) ?A survey on Impact of social media on Election System? By Gayatri Wani, Nelish Alone

Nowadays, technology is continuously growing at enormous speed. NFC is also one of the latest technologies which has given us the fastest speed to communicate devices to devices within second. This Information technology is wireless which permits objects to search and exchange electronic information within a small distance in the library centre. In the information centre, Near field communication is an automated teller machine which plays an important role in library services such as self check in or out. Most important thing is being user-friendly. Anybody can use NFC techniques in the libraries centre, even direct or indirect most benefits things will happen to the library are save times, reduces staff, as well as workload also in decline position. In this paper, the researcher discusses an overview and its important application in modern library centers and it will be helpful in the various library management systems.

NFC, Smart Phones, RFID, NFC tags, NFC-enabled.

1. Ali, D. A. G. A. A. (2015). Near-field communication technology and its impact in smart university and digital library: comprehensive study. Journal of Library and Information Sciences, 3(2), 43-77. 2. Bhickta, S., (2013). An Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC) And it?s Benefits., International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)., 2 (10), 2278-0181 3. Coskun, V., Ozdenizci, B., & Ok, K. (2015). The survey on near field communication. Sensors, 15(6), 13348-13405. 4. Coskun, V., Ozdenizci, B., & Ok, K. (2013). A survey on near field communication (NFC) technology. Wireless personal communications, 71(3), 2259-2294. 5. Ginodman, M. V., Obelets, M. N., Herkanaidu, M. R., & Azhari, F. (2014). Quick detection of NFC vulnerability. Information Management & Computer Security., 22 ( 2), 134-140. 6. Kaur, M., Sandhu, M., Mohan, N., & Sandhu, P. S. (2011). RFID technology principles, advantages, limitations & its applications. International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering. 3(1), 151. 7. Kurni, L. G. (2014). NFC Based Library Automation using Smart Phone. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 3(3), 1648-1651. 8. Ok, K., Aydin, M. N., Coskun, V., & Ozdenizci, B. (2011). Exploring underlying values of NFC applications. In 3rd International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering IPEDR (Vol. 12). 9. Potgantwar, A. D., & Wadhai, V. M. (2014). Near Field Communication Based Library Automation System. IJETT, 1(1). 10. Sharma, Vibhor P. G. (2013). Near Field Communication. Conference on Advances in Communication and Control Systems, 342-345. 11. Wibisurya, A., Karya, S., & Heriyanni, E. (2016). Development and evaluation of an android-based library stocktaking application using NFC Technology: a case study in Bina Nusantara University. Library Hi Tech News. 12. Wiklund, M., Mofidi, M., Gaethke, R., Wong, A., & Kohlmann, M. (2014, January). Latest development of near-field communication (nfc) on handsets application. In 2014 IEEE 14th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in Rf Systems (pp. 44-46). IEEE.

Ranging from insects to different vertebrates, the body colours and patterns in animals, are the traits which are under strong selection pressures. Colour patterns often evolve as adaptations to environmental surroundings and they frequently result in cryptic (camouflage) colouration. Conversely, under the pressure of sexual selection, they can instead lead to colourful displays i.e., the advertisement (alluring and warning) and also more diverse colouration patterns. Many fish are capable of spectacular colour changes due to the motile activities of chromatophores controlled both by nerves and by hormones, synergistically. With the exception of some catfishes (family siluridae) melanophores with dark melanin in their melanosomes are innervated directly by adrenergic sympathetic pigment aggregating nerves. In some teleosts (neopterygeans) it is the nerve fibres that reach the chromatophores and control the bidirectional movement of pigment granules in them. In addition hormones from hypothalamus (MCH) and from the Pars-Intermedia of the pituitary gland (MSH), can induce these pigmentary movements.

Melanophores, Aggregation Dispersion, Agonist, Antagonist, Melatonin, MCH.

1. Andersson, R.G., Karlsson, J.O. and Grundstrom, N. (1984) Adrenergic nerves and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor system regulating melanosome aggregation within fish melanophores. Acta Physiol Scand. 121: 173-179. 2. Aspengen, S., Skold, H., Wallin, M. (2009). Different strategies for colour change. Cellular and molecular Life Sci. 3. Bagnara J.T. and Hadley M.E. (1973). Chromatophores and colour change ? The comparative physiology of animal pigmentation, Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1-191. 4. Burtn, D. o (1985) Differential in vivo sensitivity of melanophores and xanthophores to catecholamines in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum) integumentary patterns. J. Exp. Biol. 114: 649-659. 5. Fujii, R. and Miyashita,Y. (1975). Receptor mechanisms in fish chromatophores I- Alpha nature of adrenoceptors mediating melanosome aggregation in guppy melanophores. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51C: 171-178. 6. Fujii R. and Miyashita V. (1976 a). Beta adrenoceptors, cyclic AMP and melanosome dispersion in guppy melanophores. In Pigment cell, 3 (Riley, V., ed.) 336-344. 7. Fujii, R. and Miyashita, Y. (1976b). Receptor mechanisms in fish chromatophores. III. Neurally controlled melanosome aggregation in a siluroid (Parasilurus asotus) is strangely mediated by cholinoceptors. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55C: 59-63. 8. Healey, E.G. (1967) Experimental evidences for the regeneration of nerve fibres controlling colour changes after anterior spinal section in the minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus L.). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 168: 57-81. 9. Hogben, L. and Slome, D. (1931) The pigmentary system. VI. The dual character of the endocrine coordination in amphibian colour change. Proc. Roy. Soc. B108: 10?53. 10. Hogben, L.T. (1924) The pigmentary effectors system. Ohver and Boyd, Edinburgh. 11. Nagiashi, H. and Oshima, N. (1989) Control of the pigment migration in melanophores in the dorsal and ventral skin of the upside down catfish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 93C: 67-71. 12. Nilsson, H. (2000). Melanosome and erythrosome positioning regulates cAMP induced movement in chromatophores in spotted Triplefin, Grahamina capita. J. Exp. Zool. 287: 191-198. 13. Parker G.H. (1948): Animal colour changes and their neurohumours. Cambridge university press, London and New York. 14. Patil, S. and Jain, A. K. (1989) The sympathetic neuro-melanophore transmission in a fresh- water Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 33: 101-106. 15. Reed, P.L. and Finnin, B.C. (1972) Pigmentation: Its genesis and biologic control. Appleton-century-crofts, New York. 16. Waring H. (1963) Colour change mechanisms of cold blooded vertebrates, Academic Press. New York

Many positive changes took place during the British rule in India. When the East India Company took over India, India was economically, socially, educationally and technically very backward. After the East India Company took over India in 1612, India began modernization, westernization and industrialization. This modernization included empowering women, attempting to abolish the Brahminical-caste system, many backward Hindu religious beliefs such as sati, slavery, domination of women by men, atrocities with untouchables and any rights to a whole class of people. Deprived of. British rule worked for India for a long time. Education policy, English education, science, modern technology and western culture gave India an opportunity to become a growing regional superpower. The rule of law and administrative system played the main role in making Indian society progressive. Colonization of India was helpful for India as it went a long way to modernize India and gave India the opportunity to become a successful country today. In this research paper, the contribution of the British to social reform has been objectively evaluated.

Social justice in British India, the contribution of the British, social reform and British administration, Macaulay's education policy and rule of law, the creation of modern India by the British, Brahmanism and British rule.

1. https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/social-legislation-under-british-rule-1444624177-1 2. https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/a-minute-to-acknowledge-the-day-when-india-was-educated-by-macaulay-1160140-2018-02-02 3. Acharya, Poromesh (1990). ?Education in Old Calcutta?. In?Chaudhuri, Sukanta?(ed.).?Calcutta: The Living City. Volume I: The Past. Oxford University Press. p.?87.?ISBN?978-0-19-563696-3. 4. https://www.caluniv.ac.in/about/Foundation.html 5. https://www.unom.ac.in/ 6. https://admi.mu.ac.in/about-university.html 7. S. Muthiah (2008).?Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India. Palaniappa Brothers. pp.?484?.?ISBN?978-81-8379-468-8. 8. ?Indian Short Titles Act (XIV), 1897? in?Government of India, Legislative Department (1899).?The unrepealed general acts of the Governor General in Council: with chronological tables. From 1834 to 1903, both inclusive, Volume 6. Calcutta: Superintendent of Govt. Printing. p.?337 9. Section 2-4 of?The Unrepealed General Acts of the Governor General in Council, p. PA166, at?Google Books 10. https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/51-100/report81.pdf 11. Sinha, Mrinalini (1995).?Colonial masculinity: the ?manly Englishman? and the? effeminate Bengali? in the late nineteenth century. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p.?138.?ISBN?978-0-7190-4653-7. 12 Shingal, Ankur, THE DEVADASI SYSTEM: Temple Prostitution in India Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37z853br Journal UCLA Women?s Law Journal, 22(1) 13. Chawla, Anil, Devadasis-Sinners or Sinned Against: An Attempt to Look at The Myth And Reality of History And Present Status of Devadasis, Samarthbharat 1, 25 (2002), http://www.samarthbharat.com/files/ devadasihistory.pdf. 14. Text of the act is available at http://maharashtracivilservice.org/cms/ downloads/515a978a94745.pdf. 15. Id. at 25-26. See also Lee, supra note 11, at 10-11 (providing a summary of the Maharashtra Devadasi Act 16. Samaddar, Ranabir (2005).?The Politics of Autonomy: Indian Experiences. SAGE Publications.?ISBN?978-0-7619-3453-0. 17. Chavan, Nandini; Kidwai, Qutub Jehan (2006).?Personal Law Reforms and Gender Empowerment: A Debate on Uniform Civil Code. Hope India Publications.?ISBN?978-81-7871-079-2. 18. Showick Thorpe Edgar Thorpe (2009).?The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e. Pearson Education India. pp.?103.?ISBN?978-81-317-2133-9 19. vEcsMdj] ch-vkj- jkbfVaXl ,aM Lihpst] oksY;we 12] i`-la- 115 20. vEcsMdj] ch-vkj- jkbfVaXl ,aM Lihpst] oksY;we 12] i`-la- 126 21. ?A Barbarous Practice?:Hook-Swinging in Colonial Bengal. History Matters 11 (2014):24-43, ?History MattersUndergraduate Journal, Issue 11, 2013-14 22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulating_Act_of_1773 23. Doongaji, Damayanti.?Crime and Punishment in Ancient Hindu Society 24. nkl xqIrk] jke ?lkn] ?kbe ,aM ifu'esaV bu ,fUl,aV bafM;k] dyd?kk cqd] 1930] i`-la- 36&40 25. Doongaji, Damayanti.?Crime and Punishment in Ancient Hindu Society 26. ukxiky] jes'k lh] ekWMuZ fgUnw ykW] ekuo ykW gkml] bykgckn] 1983 27. K. Wagner (2007).?Thuggee: Banditry and the British in Early Nineteenth-Century India. Springer. pp.?7, 8.?ISBN?9780230590205 28. http://censusindia.gov.in-1A-Memorandum on the census of British India, 1871-1872 29. https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1920/jul/15/government-of-india-act-1919-draft-rules 30. https://advocatespedia.com/Charter_Act,_1833 31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryotwari 32. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communal_Award 33. THE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 Govt of India.

The research paper focuses primarily on India?s impact and causes of migration. Whenever we first think about migration, why do people migrate? Rationale for this Because of the unfavorable circumstances of rural deprivation and jobs, citizens move to urban areas. They are finding increased employment opportunities and better living conditions in urban areas. In India, as in other countries, migrants have an integral role to play in the urban workforce. They offer a low-cost, reliable and easily accessible service. As a result of rapid economic growth over the last few decades, India has experienced a rapid urbanization flow from rural to urban migration since the start of economic reforms in 1990. Urban population growth in developing countries is much faster than population growth in general, with migrants from rural areas accounting for about half of urban growth. Cities in developing countries are growing faster. Many drawbacks can be seen, such as inequalities, insecurity, humiliation, poverty and human unhappiness are also multiplying due to urbanization, especially as a result of population explosions and increasing migration. The study reveals that the reason for people to migrate is due to marriage, education and work, but here we study household, after birth, business, and so on. Although we study rural and urban migration, internal migration from one state to another also recognizes the impact of migration on the economy through census data. we have taken 21-year data to calculate the Net migration rate and growth rate of migration in year 2019 net?migration rate was -0.383. The paper seeks to understand the concept of labor migration, the rationale and the impact of migration in any country economy.

Migration, Inter and Intra migration, Urbanization, pull and push factors, Net migration rate, Growth rate.

1. Gosal GS. Internal migration in India-A regional Analysis, The Indian Geographical Journal. 1961, 36-3 2. Gupta, A.K. and Bhakoo, A.K (1980) Rural to rural migration and characteristics of migration in Punjab, Social Change, 10 (3-4):18-22. 3. Khullar DR. India: A comprehensive Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 2014. 4. Kundu A, Saraswati LR. (2012) Migration and exclusionary urbanization in India. Economic and Political Weekly. 2012; 47(26-27):219-227. 5. Roy, S., (2011) Consequences of migration in India: Need and pragmatic solution, Economic Affairs, 56 (1): 41-48. 6. Shrivastava. N (2020) ?Impact of Migration in Society?, R.P. Publication, Kartar Nagar, DELHI-110053. ISBN No. 976-93-82398-99-8 7. Singh RN. Impact of Out?Migration on Socio-Economic Condition: A case study of Khutana Block, Amar Prakashan, Delhi, 1989. 8. Srivastava R. Labour Migration in India: Recent Trends, Patterns and Policy issues, The Indian Journal of Labour Economics. 2011; 54(3):411-440.

Economic development is a broad concept, in which agriculture and industrial development as well as development of human resources are linked. For rapid economic development, it is necessary to focus on optimum utilization of human resources and to have a cordial relationship in labor, capital and management. It is difficult to imagine development in underdeveloped countries without agricultural development. The main objective of the presented research paper is to analyze the economic development of Gwalior Municipal Corporation. Gwalior is now coming under the category of developing to developed cities. The economic situation here has been better than before. Employment in the city over the past several years has been opened up by a new business. Business activities have also increased in the city. Male culture has attracted the public. Many international stalls have made their presence in the city, whether they are for food or wearing clothes. Financially, Gwalior is now moving towards prosperity, if few flaws are left, then it can be said that the city of Gwalior is becoming financially strong.

Municipal Corporation, Economic Development.

1. Majupuria, Sanjay, Gwalior History and its Scenic Places. 2. Census of India 1961, M.P. District Handbook, Gwalior District Government of MP, Bhopal. 3. Maheshwari, H.B. Jaisal (Gwalior History, Culture and Tourism) 4. Sharma and Surendra Solanki (Madhya Pradesh General Knowledge) 5. Siddiqui, Shadab Ahmed (Madhya Pradesh Complete Study) 6. Jindal, Madanlal. Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1956 (Indore: Rajkamal Publication, 2010) 7. Gwalior Development Plan "Plan Proposal", 2004.

Submitted research paper, B.Ed. in teacher training. It is related to the study of academic development and business practice of old and new courses. The role of teachers is to guide the students from ignorance towards knowledge and upgrading their level so that they can gain knowledge and face new challenges in the changing modern era. Teachers are able to develop moral, and creative values ??in students, so training for teachers is required which B.Ed. And M.Ed. The training course is called. These courses are done for the academic development of teachers and to increase the educational quality.

Teacher training, academic development and professional practice.

1. Agnihotri, Ravindra (2008), Modern Indian Education: Problems and Solutions, Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy, Jaipur. 2. Aggarwal, J.C. (2012), Education in Rising Indian Society, Aggarwal Publication. 3. Best, J. W., (2004), Research in Education, New Delhi: Prentice Hall India Pvt. Ltd. 4. Bhargava, Mahesh. Modern Psychological Testing and Measurement, H.P. Bhargava Book House, Agra. 5. Bhatnagar, Suresh, (2008), Critical Studies Kothari Commission, Education Commission, R. Lal Book Depot, Meerut. 6. Bhagwan, Das (2006) "Education Psychology" Omega Public New Delhi. 7. Chaudhary, Pyare Lal, Chapada, R.L. (Latest edition) Educational Research, Swati Publication. 8. Dubey, Satyanarayana, (2014) Teacher Education. Allahabad: Sharda Book Building.

In the present study an attempt was made to study the effect of parental encouragement on Anxiety of adolescents in relation with their gender caste and locality of school. Sample comprised of 480 students studying in the class IX were selected by using random sampling technique. Comprehensive anxiety scale prepared by H Sharma, R.L. Bhardwaj and M. Bhargava and Parental Encouragement scale prepared by R.R. Sharma was used as tool for collecting data. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results indicated that there was no significant effect of resultant interaction between parental encouragement, gender caste on the comprehensive Anxiety of adolescents where as there exists a significant effect of locality of schools on comprehensive anxiety of adolescents. Anxiety is a subjective experience of individual?s fear of mind. Bhilai is the place where in people from all religions & regions live. Parents Encourage their wards in pursuing education as per the choice of their wards without making any distinction in caste and creed hence there is no significant effect on anxiety of adolescents.

Parental Encouragement, Anxiety, Adolescents, Gender Caste And Locality of Schools.

1. Crason, R. C; Butcher, N and Mineka, S (2006) Abnormal psychology, 11th edition, Pearson Education. Page 182-232. 2. Hemamalini H.G (2007) Reducing Language anxiety to improve the process of learning English, Edutracks, December, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 32-34. 3. Jain, M. and Sharma, A.(2003) Anxiety at the cross roads, An alarm for the development of social maturity of children. Behavioural Scientist Vol 4 (2) pp 101-104. 4. Jain, Madhu. and Jain, Jaishree. (2007) Academic anxiety among adolescents; role of coaching and parental encouragement, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. National Academy of Psychology, Vol 52, No 2, pp 146-148. 5. Mishra, G. and Jain, U. (1992) subjective construction of anxiety, Perspectives. In Psychological Research, vol 14, 45-46. 6. Mjorgan, Richerd; Weisz and Schopler.(1995) Anxiety disorders. Introduction to psychology Seventh Eddition pp 655-660.

A conscious litterateur is witness to the discrepancies, irony, complexities, traditions, culture etc. in his society and he chooses the script for his creation. Shri Lal Shukla ji takes a keen view of his surroundings and society. He has raised both simple and very esoteric subjects in his compositions. The analysis of social complexities is presented in an artistic manner in the presented paper.

Rag-Virag, Basic Tradition, Torn Tradition, Caste-Caste, Amiri-Poverty.

1. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Akhilesh's statement, from the flap page. 2. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no.5. 3. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no.7. 4. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no.7. 5. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no 38,39. 6. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no. 50. 7. Shukla, Shri Lal, Rag-Virag, Kitabghar Prakash, New Delhi Edition 2006, page no. 97.

Criticism is taste, assimilation, interpretation, and analysis of composition. Criticism is an exploration of the elements that enhance the innovative beauty of the composition and the deeper meaning of the composition. Criticism is one such genre of literature, in which a description of the merits and demerits of the composition is given. Criticism consists of evaluating the aesthetic, artistic values ??and social values ??of the work, analyzing the elements that make the composition succulent and monotonous, exploring the creation process of the text, pursuing the reader's influence and identifying the writer's personality and actions.

Criticism, literature, critique analysis.

1. Wikipedia 2. Das, Shyamsunder, Sahityalochan, p. 18. 3. Singh, Namvar, the tradition of Hindi criticism. 4. Tripathi, Ramamurthy, Criticism Theory, p.18. 5. Kuntalmegh, Ramesh, Theory of Literature Creation and Criticism, p. 28. 6. Manager Pandey, Adorno and the Culture of Criticism, p.206. 7. Chaturvedi, Mala Ravindam, Poet and Social Responsibility, p. 126. 8. Bhatnagar, Ramratan, 'Sources of Creation and Criteria of Review', p. 38. 9. Tiwari, Ramachandra, Bharatendu Yuga Vocabulary of criticism and its composition reference '. 10. above 11. Namwar Singh, The Tradition of Hindi Criticism. 12. Page 143 above. 13. above. 14. Hridayanarayan Dixit.

Human beings are rational beings, due to which we have the ability to think and understand before doing any work. All the people in this world make some mistakes from everyone, more mistakes than any others. If we want, we can reduce our mistakes, it is necessary for self-control. How to self-control in practical life is a problem for people. Just like we know that anger does not harm anyone but others and ourselves, but still we become angry, we are unable to control ourselves even after wishing. In such a situation, there is a need to adopt yoga, yoga improves physical condition as well as mental state. In the simplest sense, we understand yoga as an action which helps in the diagnosis of physical problems. But yoga is sufficient to improve not only the physical condition but also the mental state. Yoga is the best path on which we can walk and get proper place. When a person does yoga, there is a lot of change in him, especially a change in mental state. For example, if a person is of an aggressive nature, he is more angry then by walking on the path of yoga, he can easily change his nature, that is, he reduces anger and at the same time, his anger also decreases.

Shaktipunj, Aparigraha, Ishwar Pranidhana, Ashtanga Yoga, Extrovert.

1. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Development of Person, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg Dhantoli, Nagpur 29.11.2001 2. Tiwari, Jata Shankar, Social Religion and Philosophy, Shri Bhuvaneshwari Vidya Pratishthan 117 C, Tagore Town, Allahabad-211002 3. Swami Parmanand, Swami Brahmasthanand, Silent Yoga, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg Dhantoli, Nagpur- 440012, 6.3.2001 4. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Bhakti Yoga, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur- 440012, 23.2.1947 5. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Premayog, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur - 440012, 1 October 1936 6. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Karmayog, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur - 440012, 25.5.1950 7. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Gyan Yoga, Ramakrishna Ashram Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur- 440012, 15.3.1987 8. Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmasthanand, Rajyoga (including Patanjal Yogasutra, Formula and Interpretation) Ramakrishna Ashram Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur - 440012 15 June 1949 9. Yogi Adityanath, Hatha Yoga Swaroop and Sadhana, Sri Gorakshanath Temple, Gorakhpur (UP), Akshaya Tritiya Samvat 2064, accordingly, 20 April 2007, Gorakhpur, Mudraka-Satyam Publishing House, Ch.3 / 25, Mohan Garden , Uttam Nagar, New Delhi 110059, by Bharat Press Naraina, Phase 2, New Delhi

The presented research paper is being presented on "India's Agricultural Policy and Development: A Study". The objective of the research presented is to study the agricultural policy and development of India. The government makes plans for development. The government makes policies with these schemes, while making agricultural policy, the government has to consider what are the problems of farming and farming and grain production? What are the conditions of the farmers? How to solve these problems? As the circumstances change, the government also has to change the agricultural policy. Agriculture is an enterprise that requires relatively more land. Agriculture is an extension of a large part of the earth. Agriculture can be seen as a means of earning a livelihood and as a unique way of life. All aspects of the life of the farmer are related to agriculture. When agriculture is considered as an industry, then the life of the farmer is not related to the agricultural process, the basic purpose of agriculture as an industry is trade, in which much attention is given to production. Farmers are getting more benefits due to new agricultural policies.

Agricultural Policy and Development.

1. Pratiyogita Darpan, Monthly Magazine (article Indian Agricultural Development) October 2009, p. 733. 2. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, page 258. 3. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, p. 260. 4. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, p. 261. 5. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, p. 262. 6. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, p. 263. 7. Mishra, Shrikant, (1999) Agricultural Development in India, p. 264. 8. Jain, TR, Ohri VK, Majhi, BD, (2010) Economic Development Policy in India, V.K. Publication, p. 354. 9. Vandana Shiva; (1991) The Violence of Green Revolution : Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics, Zed Books, P. 65.

Social security schemes for women workers are operated through the Labor Welfare Board and workers get medical, education and social benefit benefits through employee insurance schemes. Women workers take advantage of the schemes of the Labor Welfare Department and make every effort to improve their standard of living. The role of the Labor Welfare Board is very important in the lives of women workers. Educational, social, mental and economic advancement of women has been possible through the Mandal. Due to the efforts of the Labor Welfare Board and the schemes run by them, it has been possible to build a healthy relationship between the workers, the owners and the governments. Human conditions are provided by the Board for the work of workers.

Labor Welfare Board, Women Workers, Development.

1. Administrative Report 2. Annual Report 2016-17 3. News magazines 4. Internet website 5. www.cglabour.nic.in

With the physical development of a human, his brain develops in parallel. With the development of the brain, his family and social background generates intellectual and logical abilities in humans, which gives rise to thoughts. If a normal person creates an idea in the brain under a belief, it is permanent. The unusual person who has more logical power, he changes his thoughts according to his experiences, time and circumstances. Jai Prakash Narayan was one of those extraordinary greats, who did not allow one ideology to be permanent on his mind.

Jai Prakash Narayan, Political and Social Views.

1. Seth, Amarnath Seth, Jai Prakash Narayan, Page-7. 2. Shah, Kanti Jai Prakash Narayan's Life Journey, page-7. 3. Shah, Kanti Shah Jai Prakash Narayan's Life Journey, page-7. 4. Seth, Amarnath Jai Prakash Narayan, page-11. 5. Singh, Manoj Kumar and Chaudhary, Shailesh Kumar Indian political thinker - Jai Prakash Narayan Narayan, page 8. 6. Same. 7. Same. 8. Shah, Kanti Jai Prakash Narayan's Life Journey, page-17. 9. Raghuvansh, Thoughts of Jai Prakash Narayan, page-31. 10. Shah, Kanti Jai Prakash Narayan's Life Journey, page-19.

Toni Morrison is regarded as one of the outstanding Afro- American novelists in English literature. She is an editor, critic, essayist and matchless champion of novels. She has been also well acquainted with the myths and folklores, that figure in her works. The Bluest Eyes (1970), The Black Book (1974), Song of Solomon, (1977), Tar Baby (1981), etc are her major works that deal with the issues of race, gender, sexuality and social class simultaneously. Tar Baby is her fourth novel and it accounts for the conflict between Whites and Blacks.

Black Literature, Gender Issues, Women Empowerment, Sexuality, Race and Myths.

1. Morrison, Toni: Tar Baby, United States, Alfred Knoff, 1988. 2. CarolE, Handerson: Scaring the Black Body:Race And Representation in African American Literature, Columbia University of Missouri Press, 2002.

The Valier parliamentary constituency is located in the eastern part of Madhya Pradesh, the heart province of the Indian Republic. The family political background of the Gwalior dynasty is thought to have originated from the emergence of Ranoji Scindia, the founder of the Scindia dynasty (Gwalior). After serving Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, Ranoji Scindia established himself in a high position on the strength of his political acumen, valor and valor. Ranonji Scindia always adopted the policy of keeping harmony with the Peshwa and Holkar, as a result of this policy, he emphatically established the Maratha kingdom in northern India in the Malwa region of central India and the southern regions of Chambal. Giving momentum to his political ambitions, Ranonji Scindia obtained the right to "Raj Mudra" from the Peshwa and established Ujjain as his political and administrative capital.

Gwalior Parliamentary constituency, Scindia family.

1. Sinha, Mridula. From Rajpath to Lokpath, "Rajmata's Autobiography" Impact Publication Delhi - pp. 18-21 2. Same, pages 22-26 3. Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Amrit-Mahotsav Special - Page 120 4. Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Amrit-Mahotsav Special - Page 120 5. Sharma Mathura Lal - "India's Freedom Struggle" First Edition, page 28 6. Bull H.B. And Haksar KN - Madhavrao Scindia of Gwalior, Aalijah Durbar Press, Gwalior Page 111 7. Mishra, Dinesh Chandra - MP First, unpublished research management of Scindia family on politics of India, Jivaji University Gwalior, pages 72-82

India has large potential to develop and grow globally due to its low labour cost and high population in term of manufacturing and consumption. But due to lack of capital, skilled labour, technology, economy of scale, management skill govt policy and many more factors restricted to come out from the position. Further make in India campaign give the boost and motivate the investors worldwide through policy changes reduction in business doing barriers for their smooth growth. India has only 2.1% on global trade in term of export and 2.6% in term of import. To increase the investment to boost the export from the vision of make in India the top eight sector viz. service, construction, telecommunication, pharmacy, software & hardware, chemical, and at some level automobile and chemical sector which have range to tap the untapped market. FDI in the mentioned sector works as catalyst to accelerate the economy.

Foreign, investment, skilled labour, tele-communication, reduction, construction.

1. Gupta .A K ?Innovation and the SMEs? December 2007 ? january 2008. 2. Bitzer B. ?Innovation management in industry? South westphalia university of applied sciences campus, EU project. 3. Raju K.D ?Small and medium enterprises?; past, present and future in india. 4. Chandra .N (2008), entrepreneurship and economic development in a Developing country; Acase study of india. The journal of entrepreneurship, published by SAGE. 5. Desai Vasant ; Dynamics of Entrepreneurship development and management, Himalayan publishing house, Mumbai. 6. Economics Times , Business standard (News paper) 7. Times of India (News Paper) 8. Entrepreneurship report published by Jharkhand govt. 9. www.Innovation.com 10. www.Laghu-udyog.com

In a hurry to present the news, a new episode is named News Portal. Where only hard work is done in changing the title, so that the readers click on the link of this interesting title. It is with this click of the reader that the viewership of the portal increases. Which makes them financially strong. Certainly there is no supplement of newspapers even today, but still the urge to know early gave the portals a lot of opportunity to flourish. The functioning of different portals is also different, but the aim is to increase the same viewership. It is surprising that the number of news portals in Chhattisgarh alone is more than 200.

Portal, viewership, title.

1. just36news.com 2. thenewsocean.com

Yoga has been accepted and popular worldwide now. It helps one to reconnect with our self. it can help to uncover why and how one?s illness may have started and can work with the body to start the recovery period from the ground up. Yoga has been accepted now as non-invasive mode of treatment in the management of non-communicable diseases . These diseases can be prevented by positive lifestyle modification in daily life. Yoga is an invaluable gift of our ancient tradition. It embodies unity of mind and body, thought and action, restraint and fulfilment, harmony between man and nature. Yoga practices are not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with our self, the world and nature. By yoga practices we will deal with climate change, run business successfully in today?s business world. Yoga is beneficial for business people of all ages and abilities. Many focused entrepreneurs in India and abroad, starting the day by meditating, exercising and through yoga practices to fit himself/herself. This paper going to highlight the People?s Behaviour towards yoga Practices in context to Indian scenario. Resercher collected data from different places of Jharkhand state to know the behaviour of people toward yoga practices.

Yoga Practices, Mind, Business, Economy, Development, Growth.

1. Zimmerman, marc A. And Julian Rapp port?citizen participation, perceivedcontrol and psychological empowerment. American journal of community psychology. Vol16 no 05 1988. 2. Zimmerman, handbook, 2000 3. Ishwar v Basavaraddi, Reconnecting with oneself, Yojna, June 2017,page 43-45, New Delhi. 4. Acharya, Ishwara N & Rastogi, Rajiv, Bringing Harmony Between Body and Mind, Yojna, June 2017, page 39-42, New Delhi 5. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, prentice hall of india publishing, New Delhi. 6. Karsarjian, H.H and Robertson, T.S, (2001) Perspective in consumer Behaviour, SCOH forman & company, Illinois.

The impact of Covid-19 pandemic is noticed in every sector around the whole world. Education sector has no exception. The Indian education sectors are immensely affected by this pandemic. It has enacted the world wide lockdown which are badly affected the life of students. Due to the prevalence of Covid-19 pandemic around 32 crores students stopped to go schools/colleges/ universities. All educational activities should also be shut down. Teaching-learning process are going on through online mode.This paper gives an opportunity for the teacher and students to continue their teaching-learning and other educational activities through online mode. This paper emphasises some initiative preventive measures taken by the Govt. of India to continue the education system in a smooth way. This paper helps the learners to know the positive as well as negative impacts of Covid-19 on education. Some effective recommendations/suggestions are also discussed to execute all educational activities during the pandemic situation.

COVID-19, Pandemic, Impact, Govt. of India, Outbreak.

1. UNESCO. COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. Retrieved on 2. WHO. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard.Retrieved on May 20, 2020 from https://covid19.who.int/ 3. Wikipedia. Covid-19 Pandemic in India. Retrievedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_India 4. Jena, P. K. (2020). ?Impact of pandemic covid-19 on education in India?,International Journal of Current Research,12, (07), 12582-12586. 5. Pravat Ku. Jena 2020a. Challenges and Opportunities createdby Covid-19 for ODL: A case study of IGNOU.International Journal for Innovative Research inMultidisciplinary Filed, Volume-6, Issue- 5, Pg. 217-222. 6. Study Abroad Life (2020). How Covid-19 will affect theIndian education system. Retrieved on May 25, 2020from https://www.studyabroadlife.org/how-covid-19-will-affect-the-indian-education-system/ 7. Pravat Ku. Jena 2020b. Online learning during lockdownperiod for covid-19 in India. International Journal ofEducational Research, Volume-9, Issue- 5(8), Pg.82-92. 8. Misra, Kamlesh 2020. Covid-19: 4 negative impacts and 4opportunities created for education. Retrieved on May 25, 2020from https://www.indiatoday.in/educationtoday/featurephilia/story/covid-19-4-negative-impactsand-4-opportunities-created-for-education-1677206-2020-05-12 9. Educationasia.in 2020. The Impact of COVID-19 on Educationand Education Sectors, Know Here. Retrieved on May25, 2020 from https://educationasia.in/article/the-impactof-covid-19-on-education-and-education-sectors-knowhere 10. MHRD notice (20 March, 2020). COVID-19 Stay Safe: DigitalInitiatives. Retrieved on May 25, 2020 fromhttps://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/Covid19.pdf 11. May 20, 2020 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India 12. Wikipedia, Education in India Retrieved on May 24, 2020fromJune 26, 2020 from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/education response. 13. https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/diksha-national-digital-infrastructure-teachers 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPathshala 15. https://swayam.gov.in/ 16. https://swayamprabha.gov.in/

Translation is that style of exchange of ideas that can bring the light of knowledge to every corner of the whole world. Knowledge is no longer limited to limitations due to the availability of translation styles. Through this, people's thoughts are able to reach the people. Articles, writings, poems reach the reach of every category and because of translation, the works, novels, poems, articles of great writers like Bangla litterateur Mahashweta Devi have reached the people. Translation is an important link in the language, if it is an ocean for knowledge or literature, then translation is like a wave rising in that ocean.

Availability, culture, exploited, women oppression, film world, literature.

1. Maheshwar, (1993) Best Stories of Mahashweta Devi, National Book Trust, New Delhi. 2. Mahashweta Devi, (2003) Year of India and other stories, Aadhar Publication, Haryana. 3. Chaturvedi, Jagadishwar, Singh, Sudha, (2004) Stree Asmita Literature and Ideology, Kolkata.

Baba Nagarjuna was such a great litterateur with a unique talent in Hindi literature, who understood the inner woman and gave a new direction to the society in relation to the woman by putting her suffering in front of the society with her realistic vision. Baba Nagarjuna, being enraged by the insult of women, through his writing, exposes the problems of women and simultaneously shakes the consciousness of humanity. Wherever she saw the problems of women and saw the oppression happening, she also took the initiative to end that injustice and this same anger is found in her female works. The main objective of the research paper presented is to study the problems related to women in Nagarjuna's novels.

Nagarjuna, problems related to women.

1. Bhatt, Prakash Chandra, (1974) "Nagarjuna Jeevan and Sahitya", "Seva Sadan Prakashan District Mandsaor (MP)". 2. Mishra, Shobhakant, (1996) "Nagarjuna Mere Babuji," Radhakrishnan Publications New Delhi. 3. Singh, Shakuntala (1990) Zonality in Nagarjuna's novels, "Shanti Prakashan Allahabad." 4. Shobhakant (1994) "Mere Sakshatkar, Nagarjuna," book house New Delhi. 5. Shobhakant (2003) "Nagarjuna Rachnavali (4)," Raj Kamal Publications New Delhi 2003 6. Shobhakant (2003) "Nagarjuna Rachnavali (5)," Raj Kamal Publications New Delhi 2003

The research paper presented is related to "comparative study of educational achievement of adolescent boys and girls in urban and rural areas of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh". Such women take care of their homes as well as raise children. These women spend time arranging the house and hospitality, as well as taking care of the elders of the family. Such women are called non-working women or housewives. Since such women work at home, what is the educational achievement of their children, does they help in the study of their children? Does she pay attention to the children or is she aware of their education? The main objective of the research paper presented is to compare the educational achievement of adolescent boys and girls of non-working women.

Non-working women, educational achievement.

1. Ahuja, Ram (2001) "Social order", Rawat Publication New Delhi. 2. Vora, Asharani (2005) "Women in Modern Society" Natraj Prakashan Ghaziabad. 3. Vora, Asharani (1981) "Indian Women's Condition and Directions" National Publishing House New Delhi. 4. Mittal, M.L. "Principles of Education", Lyal Book Depot, Meerut. 5. Jain, Manju (1961), "Working Women and Social Change" Printwell Publishing. 6. Kapoor, Pramila (1976), "Marriage and Working Women in India" Rajkamal Publications, Delhi. 7. Yadav, Usha (1999), "Human condolences of women novelists of Hindi" Radhakrishna Prakashan, New Delhi. 8. Mathur, S. S., (2005). "Education Psychology", Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra.

The research paper presented is related to a comparable study of the impact of the students on their academic achievement through the development of subject related curriculum related activities (in the context of non-government higher secondary schools in Guna district, Madhya Pradesh). At the present time school is the center of all round development of children, so like other subjects, the syllabic activities are also an integral part of them. Sports and exercise of various sports and exercises are regular exercises for students. Not only does it pave the way for progress, but understanding the problems and difficulties faced in life enables them to overcome and overcome them. They develop a sense of leadership, co-operation, self-control and sacrifice, and they have a strong sense of self-confidence and an optimistic view of life. The main objective of the research paper is the comparative study of the impact on the academic achievement of non-government students by the development of contextual text-related activities.

Subject referenced text-related activities, academic achievement.

1. Gupta, S.P. (1997). Statistical methods, Sharda Book Building, Allahabad. 2. Mathur, S.S. (1973). Education Psychology, Agra: Vinod Book Temple, 1973. 3. Tripathi, Madhusudan (2007). Dictionary of Education Philosophy and Psychology, Volume-5 Child Development, Omega Publications, Delhi. 4. Chawla, Anita (1989?90). Comparative Study of Available Facilities: Study of Curriculum Activities in Government and Non-Government Primary Schools of District Panchkula. 5. Sharma, R.A. (2006). Education Research, Meerut: R.K. Red. Book Depot. 6. Dubey, Satyanarayana (2000). Teacher Education, Allahabad: Sharda Book Building

Cooperative banking has been defined by various experts as a mutual society formed, composed and governed by people themselves for encouraging regular savings and for granting small loans on returnable basis with interest. In another words, ?A cooperative bank is a small sized financial institution, where its members are the owners as well as customers.? Reserve Bank of India is the regulatory authority of Cooperative banks but they are registered under the central or state Cooperative Societies Act. These banks have played very appreciable role in meeting the financial need and growth of small and medium size enterprises (MSME). It is a sector where banking and cooperation works together and this is the unique features of Cooperative banks. These banks operate on the basis of two tier system and on the doctrine of self-help, cooperation and mutual-help. There are two types of Cooperative banks functioning in India which is known as Rural and Urban Cooperative banks. The Urban cooperative banks which also known as primary cooperative banks is operating in urban and semi -urban areas of the country. The Urban Cooperative banks have played very crucial role in mobilizing deposits from the various sections of urban and semi-urban area and catering the credit need of small income group. Basically their main target is urban unorganized sector that are considered non-credit worthy by the commercial banks. Although Urban Cooperative banks achieved a sustained growth but the sector has gone through a lot of chaos in the recent years. These banks are endeavoring persistently to deal with the issues of economic disparity and the concentration of wealth that are causing exploitation of marginalized section by the affluent section. The present study focus on the origin of urban cooperative banks in India, its financial issues and the suggestions that are needed to improve the performance of the Cooperative banks particularly Urban Cooperative banks.

The Cooperative banks, UCBs, deposits, loans, advances.

1. Shrivastava P. K. (2008) Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi-2009 2. Revati Ramarao, Rajendra s. Jarad and Vidya Nakhate (2020) Scheduled Urban Cooperative banks ? A Case Study. 3. Uppal, R.K. (2008), Indian Banking Industries in 2020. New Delhi, Mahamaya Publishing House. 4. Government of India. Report of the Committee on Banking Sector Reforms, RBI, Mumbai Reserve Bank of India Report of the High Power Committee on Urban Cooperative Banks, RBI, Mumbai, 1998-1999. 5. Jawahar Babu KVSN. Performance evaluation of Urban Cooperative banks in India?, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM). 2012; I(5):28-30. 6. Nagi Reddy K., Chandraiah, (2019), Progress of Cooperative banks in India. Vol.- 9 Issue ? 2. 7. Raju S. with Mohan S. (2013) Performance Appraisal of the Urban Cooperative banks. Vol 3, Issue 8 8. Chakrabarty, K.C. (2009), Banking and finance in India development, issue and prospects, The Journal of Indian Institute of Banking and Finance, 80(4) 5-16. 9. Gupta J, Jain. S. A study on Cooperative Banks in India with special reference to Lending Practices. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2012; 2:10. 10. Shantanu Bose, Urban cooperative banks in India current scenario, Abhinav International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology. 2014; 3:6. 11. Venkatesulu, A. A Study on Urban Cooperative banks in India - Issues and Prospects. International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-8, Issue-4) 2018 12. Khan Hajera Fatima, ?Current scenario and future prospects of urban cooperative banks in India? International journal of commerce and economics, volume 1, issue- 3, 2019 13. www.rbi.org.in 14. www.nabard.org 15. Nafcub.org

Regardless of what the so-called modern filmmaker Bate may do, he is still the same feudalist, obsessed with the mindset of considering himself superior. He thinks that we will show anything in the name of women's freedom and he will present the image of today's woman. This misconception is sad, but true. These days, this concept has intensified, especially since the second decade. He is also shown by filmmakers who have a large section of the media standing in favor of a well-settled filmmaker. The irony is that the critics of those films also praise a large section of the media, and the women of today, especially those active on social media, see these films and earn good money, Here many questions arise in the mind of that intelligent, intelligent woman, whose answer no one considers necessary.

Women's freedom, social media, awareness, marketism, glorified.

1. Simon the Bua, The Second Sex, Hindi Translation, Rajkamal Publication, 1999. 2. Shujit Sarkar, Film Pink. 3. Anubhav Sinha movie slap. 4. Riner Maria Rilke, Representative Papers, Translation Raji Seth, Sahitya Akademi, 2012. 5. Screenwriting, an introduction, Manohar Shyam Joshi, Rajkamal Publications, 2009.

Pictures involve neither written nor spoken language but include all forms of communication that occurs without the use of words. It is a process of communicating ideas or messages by not using oral or written language. Advertising is the best way to communicate to the customer. Advertising helps informs the customers about the brands available in the market and the variety of products useful to them. The advertising industry is becoming increasingly creative and sometimes is intended to disrupt the emotions, sometimes make funny images, bold, striking and strong. But undoubtedly, all serve their purpose. The work presented here is an attempt to understand the effort put behind understanding and implementing the concepts into reality in the advertising world, the context of a symbol, the use of verbal messages, pictures, the combination of colors, display graphics, medium of communication, case of understanding, innovation, etc. Above that, the financial, political and social feasibility cannot be neglected either. Semiotics is frequently used in advertising to signify an advertiser?s message through the use of signs and symbols.

Pictures, Non Verbal Communication, Advertising, Marketing, Customer.

1. Black, L. (2011). 5 smart social PR campaigns to learn from.?Mash able. Retrieved from: http://mashable.com/2011/03/08/social-pr-campaigns/#zE8n38EXNOqB 2. Green, D. (2012). How to think about social media.?New Statesman. Retrieved from: ?http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/david-allen-green/2012/01?social-media-regulation 3. Redsicker, P. (2014). Social photos generate more engagement: New research.?Social?Media Examiner. Retrieved from:?http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/photos-generate-engagement-research/ 4. Valentini, C. & Kruckeberg, D. (2012). New media versus social media: A?conceptualization of their meanings, uses, and implication for public relations. In S.?Duhe (ed.),?New media and public relations?(pp. 3-12). New York: Peter Lang. 5. Wilson, H., Guinean, P., Parise, S. & Weinberg, B. (2011). What?s your social media?strategy??Harvard Business Review.?Retrieved from:?https://hbr.org/2011/07/whats-your-social-media-strategy

Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman has presented a bold and reformist budget with a clear focus on growth. It has laid out, in detail, the contours of Prime Minister Narendra Modi?s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, to which we Vedanta was fully committed. There are many big ideas in the budget. This year?s Budget lays focus on the seven pillars for reviving the economy - Health and Wellbeing, Physical and Financial Capital and Infrastructure, Inclusive Development for Aspiration India, Reinvigorating Human Capital, Innovation and R&D, and Minimum Government Maximum Governance. Several regulations around the securities market are proposed to be merged as a single code. Several direct taxes and indirect taxes amendments were also proposed.

Budget, Tax, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Finance, Challenge.

1. The Times of India, Daily News Paper, 2nd feb. 2021 2. The Hindu, Daily News Paper, 2nd feb. 2021 3. The Economics Time, News Paper, 2nd feb. 2021 4. Dainik Bhaskar, 2nd feb. 2021 5. www.financialexpress.com 6. www.hindutantimes.com 7. www.livemint.com 8. www.beyondpennies.com

This is the theoretical concept paper in education about curriculum theory. Curriculum theory is the backbone of all education theories. Theories provide a clear vision about the real world. Theory always play a vital role in framing and developing the curriculum. This paper helps curriculum planners for investigating and implementing an educational curriculum. This concept paper provides a complete guideline to the curriculum planners for construction of an appropriate curriculum.This paper can also discuss research in theory development, theory in curriculum and provide valuable information to the teachers and educators for making appropriate curriculum design. This paper is very useful to the teacher, students, educators specially curriculum makers for knowing the value of curriculum theory in modern education system.

Curriculum Theory, Curriculum Development, Theory Development, Theory Function, Theory Categories.

1. Beauchamp, G. A. (1982). Curriculum theory: Meaning, development and use. New York:Routledgecom on 1st August 2019. London: Sage. 2. Doll, W. E. (1993). A postmodern perspective on curriculum. New York: Teachers college. 3. Glatthorn, A. A., Boschee, B. F., & Whitehead, B. M. & (2012). Curriculum Leadership. 4. Goodson, I. F. (1994). Studying curriculum. Buckingham: Open University. Press. 5. Ornstein A. C. &Hunkins, F. P. (1998). Curriculum foundations, principles and issues. 6. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Oxford dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com on 1st August 2019. 7. Henson, K. T. (2001). Curriculum planning. (2nd Ed.). Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. 8. Hewitt, T. W. (2006). Understanding and shaping curriculum: What we teach and why. Strategies for development and implementation. (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage. 9. Aggarwal, J.C. & Gupta, S. (2005). Curriculum Development. Shipra Publications. Delhi, ISBN 10: 8175412631 10. Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Foundations of behavioral research. (3rd Ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc. 11. Syomwene, A. &Nabwire, V., &Musamas, J., (December, 2015). Theoretical basesinfluencing curriculum decision making in Early Childhood Education. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research. Vol. 2, No. 12; pp 23-31. 12. Syomwene, A. (2020).Curriculum Theory: Characteristics and Functions. European Journal of Education Studies.Volume 7, Issue 1,ISSN: 2501 ? 1111. 13. Syomwene, A. (June, 2018). Effective school indicators for quality curriculumimplementation process. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology. Vol 4, No. 3. (pp. 150-159) 14. Syomwene, A., (2017). Foundations of curriculum. In Syomwene, A., Nyandusi, C. M., &Yungungu, A. M. (Eds.). Core Principles in curriculum. Eldoret: Utafiti Foundation. 15. Taba, H. B. (1962). Curriculum development: Theory and practice. New York: Harcourt Brace and World Inc. 16. Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago press. 17. Urevbu, A. (1990). Curriculum studies. Lagos: Longman Group ltd. 18. Walker, D. F. (2003). Fundamentals of curriculum. (2nd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: LawrenceErlbaum. 19. Merriam Webster?s learner?s on-line dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriamwebster. Press. 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum

To establish any brand in the market, individuals need to know something special. Knowing this, people study the brand properly and not only do it to reach the consumer, but also identify the market trends and also develop a marketing strategy to make the product better and profitable, these are called brand managers. They contribute significantly to the promotion and fame of any brand. They give the product a reputation in the market with its creativity and strategy. They also make the product compatible with the changes in the market from time to time.

Management, Brand, Marketing.

1. Jain, P.C. Marketing Research, Ramesh Book Depot Jaipur. 2. Mishra, N. Marketing Management, SBPD Agra. 3. Jain, S.C. International Marketing, Sahitya Bhavan Publication Agra. 4. Various newspapers.

Education is a process that is the main reason for the development of a country, be it social, economic, cultural reasons. But it is seen that Muslim women in our country are far behind in terms of education. This is far behind the modern social system. Before independence, the education rate of Muslim women in India and West Bengal was very poor. Although there has been some gradual improvement since independence, it is still far behind other nations. There were no suitable schools and dormitories for women?s education. Although the rate of education for women has improved somewhat since independence, the rate of education for Muslim women has not been satisfactory. But there was a lot of interest in learning and knowing among Muslim women. Then gradually when the Equality of Education Act, the Education for All Act, the Protection of Minorities Act was enacted by the Indian Constitution, the tendency of Muslim women to go to school gradually increased. There are many reasons why Muslim women lag behind in education, such as poverty, negative attitudes, over-conservatism, lack of awareness, lack of suitable environment. Only women can raise their children in a way that will help them to progress and prosper in the future. This paper paints a picture of the problem of education of Muslim women in West Bengal and its solution.

Education, Muslim Women, West Bengal, Problem, Solution.

1. Ahmed, I., (1976). ?For a Sociology of India,? in Muslim Communities of South Asia ? Culture and Society, Ed. By T.N. Madan, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, pp; 172. 2. Ahmed, I. (1980). The problem of Muslim Educational Backwardness in Contemporary India: An Inferrential Analysis, Occasional Paper. 3. Ansari, A. I., (1989). ?Muslim Educational Backwardness?, in Iqbal A. Ansari (ed.) The Muslim Situation in India, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Bhatt, B.D. & Sharma, S.R. (1992). Women?s Education and Social Development. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishing House. 5. Bano, F. (2017). Educational Status of Muslim Women in India: An Overview. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Volume 22, Issue 6, PP 10-13. 6. Chauhan C.P.S. (2012). Participation of Indian Muslims in Educative Process, in Mirza Asmer Beg and A.R. Kidwai (ed.) Empowerment of Indian Muslims, Perspective, Planning and Road Ahead, Concept Publishing Company PVT. Ltd, New Delhi. 7. Gupta S., (2012). The Education of Muslims in India, All International Research Journal, Jaipur, India. Vol. III, Issue-35. 8. Hamid, S., (1985). ?Educational Status of Indian Muslims?, Muslim India, December, 1985. 9. Khan, M. A., (1984). Muslims in the Process of Rural Development in India, Uppal Publishing House, New Delhi. 10. Maridula, B. (1997). Women in India: Some issues. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. 11. Mishra, R.C. (2005). Women Education. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. 12. Mondal, S. R., (1989). ?Human Resource Development, Observation on Muslims in India?, Occasional Paper, No. 3, Dept. of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of North Bengal. 13. Sharma, S. (2006). Educational Women Empowerment, Yojna, Vol. 50, pp. 52-57.

In the present day, social networking is a most important online platform in our life. Social Networking Sites have emerged as the Web 2.0-based Internet platform for people to interact with each other, such as friends, family, academic performance. The present study aims to evaluate the usage of online social networking sites in relation to certain personality traits and demographic characteristics among under-graduates. The sample size was 250 under-graduate students studying in various faculties of Aligarh Muslim University. The data collected through questionnaire. The data was tabulated and systematically analyzed, with the help of the Microsoft Excel, using different operations like converting the data into percentage etc. and interpreted on the basis of objectives of the study. The results of the present study show that the use of online social networking site had a significant role on teaching-learning process of the students. As they spent more time on social networking sites, the socialization, campus life, academic performance of students also increased.

Social Networking Site, Personality Traits, Demographic Variable.

1. Bicen, H. and Uzunboyly, H. (2013). The Use of Social Networking Sites in Education: A Case Study of Facebook. Journal of Universal Computer Science. vol. 19, no. 5 (2013), 658-671 submitted: 30/1/12, accepted: 12/10/12, appeared: 1/3/13 ? J.UCS. 2. Gok, T. (2016).The effects of social networking sites on students? studying and habits. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 2(1), 85- 93.Volume 2, Issue 1. 3. Hajli, N. and Lin, X. (2014). Exploring the Security of Information Sharing on Social Networking Sites: The Role of Perceived Control of Information. Journal of Business Ethics. Retrieved from Google. 4. Hamat, A., Embi, A. M. and Hassan, A. H. (2012). The Use of Social Networking Sites among Malaysian University Students. Journal of International Education Studies. Vol. 5, No. 3; June 2012. 5. Hamburger, Y. and Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Journal Computers in Human Behaviour. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands. 6. Madhusudhan, M. (2012). Use of social networking sites by research scholars of the University of Delhi: A study. Delhi University. 7. Mahajan, R. (2014). Personality and subjective well-being of social network site users. Research paper degree of Ph.D, University of Jammu. 8. Muscanell, L. N., and Gaudagno, E. R. (2012).Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, AL 35487-0348, United States. Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh 9. Nirmali, C. (2012). Acvities and reasons for using social networking sites by research scholars in NEHU: a study on facebook and research gate. Publisher: INFLIBNET Center.

Teacher education system is an important vehicle to improve the quality of school education. The revitalization and strengthening of the teacher education system is, therefore, a powerful means for up-liftman of education standards in the country. The purpose of this study was to examine ?Perception of stake holders towards Secondary teacher Education Programme.? For this purpose the investigator has constructed a Questionnaire on ?Stake Holder Attitude towards Secondary Teacher Education Programme.? Ten B.Ed. Colleges in Murshidabad District were selected through Purposive sampling by the researcher and 300 B Ed students and 100 parents (either father or mother), 150 B Ed teachers were selected through stratified random sampling by the researcher. In this present study, the investigator has followed the Descriptive Survey design of ex-post facto type. Secondary teacher education programme in terms of the perspectives of their three key stake holders, namely teachers, student-teachers, parents at the same time and in on context. Hence, the present study will explore how these stake holders perceive secondary teachers education programme in the real teaching contexts.

Murshidabad District, ex-post facto and Stake Holder.

1. Peacock, M. (2009). The evaluation of foreign-language-teacher education programs. Language Teaching Research, 13, 259-278. 2. Seferoglu, G. (2006). Teacher candidates? reflections on some components of a preservice English teacher education program in Turkey. Journal of Education for Teaching, 32, 369-378. 3. Seyoum, Y. (2016). Analysis of faculty members attitude towards academic development endeavors in some selected ethiopian universities. International Journal of Instruction, 9(1), 41-64. 4. Widdowson, H. G. (1990). Aspects of language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5. Chakrabarty, A.K. and Behera, S.K., (2014). Empirical study on attitude of the female teacher-trainees towards the existing B Ed. Syllabus of the university of Burdwan American Journal of Educational Research, vol. 2(12A), pp?31-36. 6. Mobegi, F.O. (2015). Perceptions of Educational Stakeholders Regarding the Effects of Financial Mismanagement on Physical Facilities in Secondary Schools In Gauche District, Kenya. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention (IJSSEI), Volume 01, Issue 03 7. Gholami, J. and Qurbanzada, I. (2016). Stakeholders Attitudes Towards teacher Education Programs in TEFL, Farhangian University in Iran. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 5-20 8. Gorain, R. (2017). Views of Teacher educators towards Two-year B.Ed. Programme of West Bengal. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), Vol 4, No.2, 95-98. 95

The Education system of a nation is at the root of its development. Education is the only process that helps in the development of different types of nations, (such as social, economic and cultural development). Women in West Bengal are still far behind boys in terms of education. The literacy rate of women in primary education is not very low, but it is far behind in higher education. The reasons for this backwardness are negative attitude towards education, poverty, lack of awareness among parents, child marriage, gender inequality, etc. Only when all come forward to solve these problems will women?s education be developed and women?s literacy rate increase. But now the literacy rate of women in West Bengal is relatively satisfactory. In West Bengal, the female literacy rate was 59.61% in 2001, that increased to 87.54% in 2011. It is clear that there has been a great improvement in the field of women?s education in West Bengal. It should be kept in mind that West Bengal was once the first place in women?s education. Now that place has come down to seventh. Therefore, at this every moment, many measures will have to be taken in this state to brighten the place of women?s education.

Women, Education, Literacy Rate, West Bengal, Problem, Solution.

1. Adhikari, A. Kamle , M. (2010) Spatial Pattern of Education and Development in West Bengal Annals of National Association of Geographers. Xxx(2):55-67. 2. Agarwal, N. (1993) Women Education and Population in India. Allahabad: Chugh Publication. 3. Census of India. (2011). Office of the register general of India, New Delhi. 4. Hassan, M.I. (2005), ?Population Geography? Rawat Publication, Jaipur.. 5. Halder, S. (2012). Literacy Progression of Women in developing countries of South-East Asia with Special Reference to West Bengal, India. Asia pacific Journal of Social Science.vol.IV(2). July-Dec2012. pp.88-107. 6. Jaglan, M.S. and Sindhu, Rajiv (2008), ?Regional Dimensions and Determinations and Determinants of Gender Disparity in Educational Attainment in Rural Haryana?, Population Geography, Vol.30, No.122, Pp.45-46. 7. Khan, A. Q. (2004), ?Regional Imbalance and Changing Pattern of Literacy in Jammu And Kashmir State (1961-2001)?, Population Geography, Vol.26, No.1and 2, Pp.49-60. 8. Khular K.K (2011), ?The Meaning of Education?, Kurukshetra: A Journal on Rural Development, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 21-23. 9. Varshney Hemant K. (2002), ?Inter State Gender Disparity in Literacy Rates: A Look at Census Data (1991 And 2001)?, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, Vol. Xvi, No.4, Pp. 537-549. 10. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315771460_Literacy_and_Their_Differential_in_ West_Bengal.

Self-help groups are playing an important role in the development of rural women. Self-help groups have played an important role in the source of income generation of rural women. These studies are in the context of Bemetra development block and Saja development block of Bemetara district. Bemetara developed and Saja development blocks have been selected for undeveloped area. The main objective of this research is to find out that the increase in income and savings of rural women of Bemetra development block and Saja development block has improved social and economic condition. The research presented concludes that self-help groups have a unique role in the development of rural women. Through self-help and micro finance, the economic, social and political activities related to their work have increased by women in Bemetara development block and Saja development block. Self-help group organizations have not been able to pay that much attention due to the development of Bemetara development block. The Saaja development block being a scheduled tribe has played an important role in the formation of groups, thus strengthening the social, economic, political sphere of women through the group.

Women, empowerment, self-help groups, social, economic status.

1. Tripathi, Madhusudan (2011) "Women Workers in India", Khushi Publication Ghaziabad, New Delhi, 1st ed. 2011, Isbn.978-93-81133-03-3, Page no- 1. 2. Tiwari, Kasika (August 2013) Kurukshetra Page No.03. 3. Malhotra, Rakesh (2007) Self-help groups in various schemes, Publications Atlantik Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. - 04. 4. Patel, Nirja & Aggarwal, PK (2018) In the context of self-help groups and women empowerment development, GS Publishers Distributors, P.N. - 11,12. 5. Mandol, Manju (2015) Women Empowerment by Self-Help Group Women?s Rights and Kanun, Himanshu Publications, 464, Hiran Magri, Sector 11, Udaipur 313 002 (Raj), First Edition 2015, Isbn.978-81-7906-473-3, page no. ? 75-78 6. Shukla MS, Sahay Comparative Methods. 7. District Statistical Book Bemetara 2019. 8. Yucherry Nabi (2010) Micro credit manegment by humans self help groups discovery publishing house, new dehli. 9. Kaushik Asha, Swami, Bhagwati, Kishore, Savita "Women Empowerment and How" Page No.7. 10. Mahu, Baanis (2012) Study of the impact of the Self Help Group on the Indian Economy, Indian stremes reasarch journal 2012 Issn-2230-78-50 11. Mishra, Kanteshwar Kumar (2014) "Role of Self-Help Groups in Social and Political Empowerment of Women" Page No.261. 12. Pandey, Shashi (2016) Self-Help Group Study of Small Loans and Women Empowerment, Research article April-June 2016 Page no.64-68 13. Umre, Nirmala (2013) Economic, Social Strengthening of Rural Women Study of Role of Female Self-Help Groups. 14. Tyagi, Nisha (2018) Emerging Dimensions of Women?s Empowerment in India, Research Manthan 2018, p.ed.0976.5255 A. Cham. 15. Bafna, Khushbu (2018) Contribution of credit policy of banks in effective development of self-help groups. Multidisciplihary Inkdexed International Research Journal, Valum XIV, Issn-2320-3714, journal No. 63012, Page no ? 02-05. 16. Patel, Niraja and Aggarwal PK. (2018) - In the context of self-help groups and women empowerment development, G.V. s. Publishers Distributors, P.N. - 14,17. 17. District Women and Child Development Center - March 2018. 18. Bemetara Gazetteer District Archives, 2017-18.

Women have a very important role in agriculture. It can be said that the agricultural woman driving this economy car is Mazdoor. However, due to lack of agricultural ownership of women, the work of women is considered as negligible. As of 2011, 65 percent of the total women workers work in agriculture. Out of 118.7 crore of the total farmers in the country, 30.3 crore are of women, of which the participation of women agricultural workers is 55.21 percent. These studies are in the context of Dhamdha development block of Durg district. The main objective of this research has been to study the family working of women laborers, economic, participation of women laborers in agriculture and employment of life. In this study, it was found that women are contributing more than men. Hence the contribution of women of Khilorakala and Kanharpuri and Kareli are unique. There women are playing a very important role in nindai, minjai, harvesting and seed planting and vegetable production. Along with the increase in the income of the family of these agricultural laborers, the economic condition has improved, due to which the women have improved their self-esteem, family and children's education. Thus, the economic, social status of agricultural women workers in the study area has been strengthened.

Women Worker, social, economic status, agriculture, educational status.

1. Tripathi, Madhusudhan (2011) Women Workers in India, Khushi Publication Ghaziabad New Delhi, First Edition 2011, ISBN. 9789388833033 p.-1. 2. Saxena, Jagdish (2018), Kurukshetra success stories, p. 50 years 54 issue 3 January 2018. 3. Mudgil, Vidyum Kumar (2004) Agricultural-based Labor Organization, p. 187?208. 4. Srivastava, Namita (2010) Role of female labor in Indian agriculture, its impact on her life, p. 174?170. 5. Singh, Jyotsna & Kunwar, Nilima (2018) Relationship of Nutrient Health and Yoga in Working and Domestic Women, Pajamatdanjapadans Ravitans and Veevum. 6. Anju (2018) Status and participation of women in agriculture. 7. Nita, N., (2018) - National Commission for Women 2016 Kurukshetra P.No. 16 year 54 issue 3 January 2018. 8. Mongia, Vinita (2019) An analysis of the economic situation of women working in urban unorganized sector. 9. Katara, Ambalal (2019) Officer of Empowerment amidst the Struggle of Working Women. 10. Nita, N., (2018) National Commission for Women 2016 Kurukshetra p. No. 19-21 years 54 issue 3 January 2018. 11. District Statistical Book 2018 Durg. 12. Shukla Shukla and Sahay and Virendra Prakash - culinary methods. 13. Durg Gazetteeril.

The political integration of the entire empire in the Mughal period resulted in an atmosphere of peace and order in society for a long time, which gave a major impetus to the commerce trade and brought momentum to the economy. Significant progress was made in both internal and external trade. A large number of people in the society were engaged in trade business. Many big traders and merchants earned so much money through inland trade by sea route that they were counted among the wealthiest merchants of the world at that time. Internal trade was also in a prosperous state. Merchants carried on trade from one part of the empire to another. All the Mughal rulers paid considerable attention to the safety of merchants and the development of transport and communication mediums, resulting in a boom in the trade business. This had a very positive impact on both the state and society. The process of urbanization also contributed to the development of trade business. There were also local traders and shopkeepers at the rural level who provided the villagers with daily necessities. The small traders used to buy surplus agricultural produce of the village and the goods prepared by the artisans and craftsmen were taken and sold to the towns and cities, which gave the villagers cash income. In this way, new opportunities of employment were available to the villagers through local trade. This increased the income of the general public and in addition to fulfilling their daily needs, they started paying attention to intellectual and cultural needs as well. Thus the presence of traders and businessmen in Indian society paved the way for the emergence and development of the middle class.

Merchant, Inland, Rich, Communication, Urbanization.

1. Satish Chandra, (2016), From the Medieval India Sultanate to the Mughal Period, Part-2, (1526-1761), Jawahar Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, p.-425, 2. 'Same', page no. 425, 3. 'Same', page no. 426, 4. 'Same', page no. 426, 5. Rahis Singh, (2015) Social, Economic and Political System of Medieval India, McGrohil Education India Pvt. Ltd. Page No. 16.7. 6. 'Same', page no. 400, 7. 'Same', page no.400, 8. Mahajan, VD (2016), Medieval India from 1000 AD to 1761 AD, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., Ramnagar, New Delhi, page no. 229. 9. Verma, Harishchandra, (2015) Medieval India Part-2 (1540-1761), Directorate of Hindi Medium Implementation, University of Delhi, page No. 461, 10. 'Same', page No. 461. 11. Ahmed, Imtiyaz, (2016), A Survey of Medieval India 8th to 18th Century, National Publication, Khajanchi Road, Patna, page No. 488. 12. Satish Chandra, (2016) Medieval India Sultanate to the Mughal Period, Part-2 (1526?1761), Jawahar Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, page no. 402. 13. 'Same', page No.402. 14. Habib, Irfan, (2008), Medieval India, Issue-7, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi, Page No. 133. 15. 'Same', page no. 133. 16. 'Same', page no. 17. Ahmed, Laik, (2009), Medieval Indian Culture, Sharda Book Building Allahabad, p. 216. 18. Mehta, JL, (2013), Large History of Medieval Indian, Volume-3, Section Naresh Kumar Rajliwal, Jawahar Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, page no. 342.

For the development of any country, the family should be developed i.e. educated and sensible. The progress of the family is possible only when the woman of that family is aware and quality because the woman is the axis on which the family rests. The role of women in the structure of society is not only responsible for the development of children, but they are also very important from personal, social, economic, political, geographical and protective perspectives. Today there is no area of ??life where women are not playing excellent roles. On the one hand, while urban women join shoulder to shoulder with men in schools, colleges, offices, factories, etc., on the other hand, women of the tribal communities work day and night in fields, trenches and other diverse areas of the country. Is making its valuable contribution to the economic development of the country. But there are many tribal women who are still fighting for their existence and rights. If education, unemployment, and backwardness, old orthodoxy and anarchy have reduced, then how much, it has to be understood. The study presented focuses on the economic status of the tribal women under the Bastar development block of the tribal areas and their awareness of economic plans and participation in the educational sector. The research presented is based on secondary facts and descriptive nature.

Tribal women, education, unemployment, migration, economic status.

1. Ahuja, Ram. (2004), Indian Society, Rao Publications, Jaipur. 2. Basu, S. K. (1993), Health States of Tribal Women in India Education Implementation Social Change. 3. Giriosan, W. V. (2008), Tribal Problems in Madhya Pradesh and Berar, January 2008, p.575. 4. Hasnain, Nadeem, (2000), Tribal India, Jawahar Publishers, Delhi. 5. Mahajan Mahajan, (2004), Sociology of Tribal Society, Vivesh Publications, New Delhi. 6. Naidu, PR (2002), Tribal Development, Radha Publications Delhi. 7. Rajput, Uday Singh, Tribal Development and NGO, Rawat Publication. 9. Mukhopadhyay, Calcutta. (1964), Tribal Economy in Central India. 10. Student, L.A. P. (2008), Chhattisgarh Primitive Tribes Part - 4.

Careful study of Godan novel shows that Hori is never agitated in it. He believes in crushing the farmers. What to give to Raisahab? It is a game of luck 'thinking he stays calm. In Rangbhumi, the public gets down on the movement for blind Surdas. Premchand supports that movement. In the Karmabhoomi, the Lagaan Bandi movement has been depicted in sufficient detail. As far as the social movement is concerned, Hori has no knowledge of this movement. Gobar must have become politically and legally familiar in the city. The periphery of the plot of Godan is determined by the national movement. Pateshwari does not live in Lakhanpur of Premashram. This paper is born out of the understanding of the national movement that the British Raj is the main reason for the plight of Indian farmers. Premchand indicates that the zamindars will not become powerless as soon as the zamindari system ends. Even if his power to exploit ends, but his political power will still remain. Premchand mentions the social movement in the context of the novel, even in the context of society, even though the original statement of the novel expresses the consciousness of the democratic movement of the national movement. Premchand saw the national movement as synonymous with establishing a social system based on equality. Due to the development of the consciousness of the national movement, new hopes were being born in the common man. The affluent class due to its economic, social and political influence will also become ruling in independent India and will find new avenues for exploitation of farmers, workers, dalits and backward. The conditions of archaic traditions, stereotypes, casteism and economic inequalities were present in the subjugated country and some concrete steps were to be taken to replace them. The foundation of independent India should be laid on the trinity of equality, freedom and justice, this was the authentic belief of Premchand. The continued exploitation of Indian farmers by the principal exploiters of the Zamindari system, nurtured by the British Raj, was a part of the policy of the British Government. Premchand has removed the masks of religion, policy, decorum, law, sin-virtue and mercy-compassion-sympathy clad by all these exploiters.

Novel literature, freedom and social movement.

1. Singh, Om Prakash. Ancient Indian Society and Governance. 2. Ahmed, Like. Medieval Indian Culture. 3. Dubey, Harinarayan. Indian Culture and Art. 4. Murthy, Krishnakripa. Source of life. 5. Ishwar Prasad. Ancient Indian Culture. 6. Ishwar Prasad. Religion and philosophy. 7. Singh, Namwar. Trends in Modern Literature. 8. Premchand and the Indian farmer.

"National Award for Public Distribution System to Chhattisgarh is mainly the result of continuous and untiring efforts by the state government." Our then Prime Minister, Honorable Shri Narendra Modi has called Chhattisgarh's public distribution system the best distribution system in the country. While making amendments in this system, on 1 June 1997, the Government of India implemented the Targeted Public Distribution System to provide food grains, sugar, kerosene etc. to consumers at reasonable rates, through fair price shops For completion, Chhattisgarh Public Distribution System Planning Order 2004 was implemented in the state on 23 September 2004 by the State Government of Chhattisgarh. Over time, online services were started in fair price shops from the year 2007 to provide transparency and more convenience to consumers in this system. In this way, Chhattisgarh government has been continuously improving the distribution system and this effort has so far given 7 national level awards to the state government, including the Prime Minister's Award 2008-09 and other awards. Today, distribution system of Chhattisgarh is considered the best in the whole country.

Public Distribution System.

1. Chhattisgarh Government Food Department (2018). 2. Kumetti, Ashish and Ghanshyam (2018) Chhattisgarh Darshan. 3. Chauhan, Umesh. (2014) Food Safety and Agriculture in India. 4. Aggarwal, A.N. (2018) Indian Economy. 5. Mishra, Chandrasekhar. (1991) Reform in Public Distribution System Management Required. 6. Saxena, Jagdeep. (2017) Food Security Condition Direction and Future Scenario in India. 7. Wikipedia 8. khadya.cgnic.in 9. nfsa.Samagra.gov.in

With expansion in trade and commerce the importance of law of contract has increased manifold. Contracts are no longer being formed only via traditional paper/oral mode. With development of technology increasing number of contracts are being formed through electronic medium. Recent pandemic has made the entire world realize the importance of digital platform including E-contracts. E-contracts are contracts concluded digitally i.e. via electronic medium. Information technology Act, 2000 gives legal recognition to such contracts. Other than the mode of formation these contracts are similar to traditional contracts and to be valid must conform to the essentials of a valid contract under the Indian Contract Act,1872. Such contracts pose a difficult question of jurisdiction of the court. This question can be answered with the help of provisions of the IT Act, however the parties must take care to settle such questions beforehand.

Contracts, E-Contracts, Indian Contract Act.

1. Section 2(h) Indian Contract Act,1872 2. Section 2(a)-When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. 3. Section 2(b)-When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. 4. Section 13-Consent? defined.?Two or more persons are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense. 5. Section 2(e)-Every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, is an agreement. 6. Section 2(f)-Promises which form the consideration or part of the consideration for each other, are called reciprocal promises. 7. Section 9-Promises, express and implied. ?In so far as the proposal or acceptance of any promise is made in words, the promise is said to be express. In so far as such proposal or acceptance is made otherwise than in words, the promise is said to be implied. 8. Section 10-A-Where in a contract formation, the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, the revocation of proposals and acceptances, as the case may be, are expressed in electronic form or by means of an electronic record, such contract shall not be deemed to be unenforceable solely on the ground that such electronic form or means was used for that purpose.? 9. Article 11 is not intended to interfere with the law on formation of contracts but rather to promote international trade by providing increased legal certainty as to the conclusion of contracts by electronic means. It deals not only with the issue of contract formation but also with the form in which an offer and an acceptance may be expressed. 10. Section 10-What agreements are?contracts. ?All agreements are?contracts?if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to?contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. 11. (2010)3 SCC 1. 12. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of electronic record: (1) Save as otherwise agreed to between the originator and the addressee, the dispatch of an electronic record occurs when it enters a computer resource outside the control of the originator. (2) Save as otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, the time of receipt of an electronic record shall be determined as follows, namely: (a) if the addressee has designated a computer resource for the purpose of receiving electronic records: (i) receipt occurs at the time when the electronic record enters the designated computer resource; or (ii) if the electronic record is sent to a computer resource of the addressee that is not the designated computer resource, receipt occurs at the time when the electronic record is retrieved by the addressee; (b) if the addressee has not designated a computer resource along with specified timings, if any, receipt occurs when the electronic record enters the computer resource of the addressee. (3) Save as otherwise agreed to between the originator and the addressee, an electronic record is deemed to be despatched at the place where the originator has his place of business, and is deemed to be received at the place where the addressee has his place of business. (4) The provisions of sub-section (2) shall apply notwithstanding that the place where the computer resource is located may be different from the place where the electronic record is deemed to have been received under sub-section (3). (5) For the purposes of this section: (a) if the originator or the addressee has more than one place of business, the principal place of business, shall be the place of business; (b)?if the originator or the addressee does not have a place of business, his usual place of residence shall be deemed to be the place of business; (c) usual place of residence, in relation to a body corporate, means the place where it is registered. 13. 2006 (1) AWC 504

The description of the descriptive research title of the paper shows that an epidemic like Covid-19 has affected the whole world including India. It had a gradual impact on the Indian rural society, which is at its peak today. Due to the lockdown, the workers of rural society faced many problems including their livelihood, their cities lost their jobs and many migrant laborers faced death while returning to their villages. Many laborers were forced to walk for many days and starved and thirsty due to lack of means of transportation, then the work of sending laborers to their homes by special vehicles was started by the states. The transition of Corona started from the cities which have reached the village today. Due to millions of infected and death of thousands, there was an atmosphere of fear in the rural society of the country and to avoid this, the lockdown, mask, handwash, sanitizer and social distance were also followed in the rural society as per the guidelines of the government. At the same time, many villagers did not appear frightened by the impact of Corona. Overall, the impact of Covid-19 on rural society has negatively affected social, religious, economic, cultural, family, marriage, kinship, social relations etc. In rural society, reconciliation, discussion, entertainment, agri-business have all been affected, however, to fight this epidemic with solidarity, the Honorable Prime Minister of the country has spoken through his mind, clapping, lighting a lamp and knowing if the world is like We have tried to motivate ourselves continuously by activities which prove the imagination of unity in our diversity.

Covid-19, lockdown, rural society, social distance.

1. scert.uk.gov.in/files/PRAKASH_-_GUIDELINES_FOR_MENTAL_WELLBEING _OF_ STUDENTS.pdf 2. www.bsesdelhi.com/documents/55701/1425409751/Samvad_Nov_2020_Hin.pdf/9bc72f95-9ec1-8bdf-3632-e799f3459df1?t=1603695984332 3. www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2017/vol3issue7/PartB/3-7-11-609.pdf 4. drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/samachar-document/SamacharAugust2020.pdf 5. www.dmrelief.rajasthan.gov.in/documents/alwar.doc 6. spc.cg.gov.in/pdf/activity/activity_Hi.pdf 7. www.naiindia.com/11-17%20%20March13.pdf 8. www.rmlau.ac.in/news/RMLDeptNews_270720043436.pdf 9. www.mdameerut.in/assets/pdf/GovernmentOrders/6-99.pdf 10. Daily News paper : India Today, Dainik Navbharat, Dainik Bhaskar. 11. Kurushetra.

In this paper we have determined the complete set of solutions for the non empty D with cosmological constant with charged perfect fluid distribution in general relativity and summarize the involvement of the stress energy tensorin the study of fluid mechanics. We will also study the stress energy tensorunder the mechanics of perfect fluids.

Perfect fluid, Cosmological constant, Metric Tensor.

1. Diaz, A.G. (1983), J. Math, Physics, 25(6). 2. Dubey, G. S. (1984), Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Physics , D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.) 3. Dubey, G. S. (1995), Reprint, Department of Physics, G. S. D. College, Samodhpur, Jaunpur. 4. Mishra, R. M. (1983), Reprint, Department of Physics, D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.). 5. Pathak, Ramesh (2001), Ph. D. Thesis , V. B. S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur. 6. Srivastava, J. (1998), Ph. D. Thesis, V. B. S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur. 7. Sciences.ch (2017), 50. Relativite generale, Cosmologie.

In modern literature, Manohar Shyam Joshi is a storyteller whose every story has a distinct identity in literature. In fact, the story holds an important place as the most discussed genre in modern times. The story is small-mouth big-talk mode. The story genre for Lokaranjan started in the early years. "The beautiful syncretism of the public welfare sentiment and the public expression seen in this genre is not found in any other genre of literature." 1

human value.

1. Srivastava, Trilokinath. (1990) Indian and Western Poetry, Harish Prakashan, Agra, p. 74. 2. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Ten representative stories, book house publication, page no. 1. 3. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Ten representative stories, book house publication, page no. 7. 4. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Ten representative stories, book house publication, page no. 20. 5. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Ten representative stories, book house publication, page no. 25. 6. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Complete stories, Vani Prakashan, Delhi Page no. 18. 7. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Complete stories, Vani Prakashan, Delhi Page no. 47. 8. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Complete stories, Vani Prakashan, Delhi Page no. 18. 9. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. Complete stories, Vani Prakashan, Delhi Page no. 51. 10. Joshi, Manohar Shyam. (2010) Complete Stories, Vani Prakashan, Delhi, p. 116.

Bio-pesticides include plant origin or vegetative pesticides, microbial containing bacterial, fungal and virus-based bio-pesticides as well as bio-invertebrates proving to be very useful in weed control. Biodiversity is not only an alternative technique for achieving environmentally sound and non-toxic agricultural products, but has proved to be effective in reducing the insect damage to economic damage level. Different human diseases due to increasing indiscriminate pesticide use are being created as a serious problem. Natural resources such as water, forest, land and vegetation can be conserved and improved by reducing the residual time of the chemical using bio-pesticides.

Bio-pesticides, sustainable farming.

1. Dangar, T.K. And Das, J. (2008) Pest management in paddy with microbial control and their use, A.J. Indian Pub. P.P. 103?119. 2. Bajpai, N. K. And Sehgal, V.K. (1994) Effect of neem products, nicotine and karanja on the life cycle of chickpea in gram, Helicoverpa armigera. Conference on Recent Trends in Animal and Human Paste Management: Impact on Environment, Madras Christian College, December 27-29, P.P. 48. 3. Kumar, S. (2012) Biopesticides: the need for food and environmental protection, J. Fertil Insecticide 3S107. 4. Nicholson. G. M. (2007) Preface to Special Toxicon Issues on Pesticide Toxins and Their Potential for Pest Control. Taxicon 49: 413? 422. 5. light. a. And Rao. (2014) Organic Pesticides in Agriculture, C.R.C. Lewis Publications, Boca. Raton, USA P.P. 481 6. Sharma, P., M., Raja. And Shanmugam, V. (2014) Status of Trichoderma Research in India: A Review, Indian Phytopath, 67 (1): 1?19. 7. Rajasekaran, B., Jayaraj. S., Raghuraman, S., and Narayanaswamy, T. (1987) Use of neem products in paddy pests and disease management, medieval assessment work, TNAU. Coimbatore, 1st and 6th June, P.P.18. 8. Roy, D.C. and Pandey, Y. D. (1991) Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Tulsi (Hyptis solobens) against Mahu in cabbage, National Conference, P.G. College, Muzaffarnagar, U.P. 2?4 October, p.p.37. 9. Sing, Harikesh. (2014) Plant Disease Management with Microorganisms, National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, 80 (2): 443?454. 10. Sinha, S. H. (2013) Integrated Pest Management in Gram- Neem, World Neem Conference, Bangalore, 24-28, pp.6. 11. T.K. Das (2016) Weed Science, Basic and Experimental, P.P.254.

A sound and effective banking system is the backbone of an economy. The economy of a country can functions smoothly and without many hassles if the banking system is not only flexible but also capable of meeting the new challenges posed by the technology and other external as well as internal factors. This paper explores the perception of Indian customers towards the use of technologies with respect to such factors as convenience, privacy, security, ease of use, real time accessibility and accurate record of varied transaction that enable customer?s adoption of Banking Technology. Other factors such as slow transfer speed, technical failure, frauds and unawareness among customers that make hindrance in adoption, are also tested. The results show that demographic variables such as gender, age, qualification and income play a positive role in adoption of banking technology. All the banks are using information technology as a strategic vehicle to stay competitive against other players. There is no significant difference between adoption rates of banking technologies by the customers of different private banks. The paper also shows that banking technology helps in increasing customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, improvised growth, and performance of the banks. Banking has always been a highly information intensive activity that relies heavily on information technology (IT) to acquire, process, and deliver the information to all relevant users. Not only is IT critical in the processing of information, it provides a way for the banks to differentiate their products and services. Banks find that they have to constantly innovate and update to retain their demanding and discerning customers and to provide convenient, reliable, and expedient services.

Private banks, Technical failures, ATM, Branch, Internet and mobile banking.

1. Shenkar. (1988) ?Profitability and Information Technology Capital Intensity in the Insurance Industry?, in Proceedings of the Twenty-First Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, Vol. IV, January 1988, pp. 124-130. 2. Shetty. (2006) ?The Information Systems as a Competitive Weapon?, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 27, December 2006, pp. 1193-1201. 3. Sobol, M. and Cron, W. (1983) ?The Relationship Between Computerization and Performance: A Strategyor Maximizing Economic Benefits of Computerization?, Information and Management,Vol. 6, 1983, pp. 171-181. 4. Verma, S.B. et al (2007) ?E-Banking and Development of Banks?, Deep and Deep Publications Pvt Ltd., Delhi. 5. P.A., Kalyanasunda. (2014) ?Role of Technology in Modern Banking?, The Journal of Indian Institute of Banking and finance, July-Sep 2014. 6. Kumari, Nidhi. (2016) ?E-Banking in India, challenges and Opportunities?, ICRISMET- 16 ISBN ? 978 ? 93 ? 86171-04-7. 7. Sastry, V.N. (2017) ?Mobile Cloud Computing?, Staff Papers IDRBT- Vol 2/ No 2 / Jan 2017. 8. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/041f/09ea78f967283526900f13d101095d44e62e.pdf 9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261109881_Customer_Adoption_of_Banking_ Technology_in_Private_Banks_of_India.

Language is considered an integral part of any society. Language is made up of linguistic metal, which means to speak. Why does someone speak? He speaks for the fulfillment of his essential needs. A person cannot talk to himself nor does he. If he commits suicide, it will not fulfill his needs and people will consider him crazy. Therefore, it is necessary to have a listener in front of the speaker. In this way, the essential inter-relation between the speaker and the listener is established. The family and society are formed by the association of this speaker and listener. From my point of view, language is the only identity and condition of a human being. Without language, humans are not human beings. Language is the ladder in the development of man from animal, by crossing which he attains manhood. The power to conceptualize and at the same time the power to ask the question, who am I, or what am I? Why am I, this is the identity of mankind.

Language, Society and Humans.

1. Vijayvargiya, Shankar, (2005), History of Indian Education, Rajpal and Sons, Delhi. 2. Ramashray, (2004), Person Society and Samskara, Gyan Ganga Publications. 3. India's National Workshop on Linguistic Learning and Its Fiction, Sunil Education and Language, Hoshangabad, 2011. 4. Communication Revolution, Culture and Society, 2011, www.nayajamana.blogspot.com 5. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/society 6. Srivastava, Rabindranath, Linguistic Asmita and Hindi, Vani Prakash Q. No. 32.

The Indian economy is the fifth largest economy in the world and the nation with the second largest population in the world. India is a prosperous nation in terms of labor prosperity. Majority of India's labor force is unskilled, and employed in unorganized sectors, which is an important cause of poverty in India. Despite the richness of natural resources and the richness of agriculture, the reasons for poverty in India include excessive dependence on agriculture, uneven distribution of income and wealth, unorganized sector of large production, education, long-term slavery and traditional economy.

Agriculture, Poverty, Food Scheme, Covid-19.

1. nios.ac.in/media/documents/333H/qp.pdf 2. secure.evidhan.nic.in/SecureFileStructure/AssemblyFiles/13/9/20200302/Documents/3_1.pdf 3. issuu.com/saded.com.in/docs/bhukh_ka_asali_chehara__edited_ 4. irfc.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Annual-Report-Hindi-2013-2014.pdf 5. urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/lsgs/lsg-jaipur/pdf/stp%20cell/rajasthan-land-allotment-policy.pdf

The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the new dimensions of leadership and its impact on the Business Organisation. Leadership is most needed concept of the management. Every organisation needs the dynamic person as a leader. There are two persons needed in organisation first is manager and second is leader. The manager faces complexities and leader works with all new changes and challenges in the organisation. There are many theories and styles of leadership in practise and organisation uses these theories and styles as per the requirement and need of the organisation. We will also discuss the leadership strategies and their impact on the traditional market and its role in backward states, what is the participation of leadership in social identification of a business.

Leadership, Organisation, Traditional and Strategies.

1. Bass, M. & Bass, R., (2008), The Bass handbook of leadership, Free Press, New York. 2. Bester, J., Stander, M.W. & Van Zyl, L.E., (2015), ?Leadership empowering behaviour, psychological empowerment, organisational citizenship behaviours and turnover.? 3. Avery, G.C., (2004), Understanding leadership: Paradigms and cases, Sage, London. 4. Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1978), The new managerial grid. Texas: Gulf Publishing Co, 2nd ed. 5. Burns, J.M (1978), The concept of transformational leadership, New York: Harper & Row 6. Ayman, R. & Korabik, K., (2010), ?Leadership: Why gender and culture matter?, American 7. Robin. S & Langton. N, (2010), Organizational Behavior. 8. https://scholar.google.co.in 9. https://journals.sagepub.com 10. https://www.researchgate.net 11. https://www.academia.edu 12. https://www.iedconline.org

Role of compassion in resilience of parents? was studied in the present research. It was hypothesized that high compassionate parents would be more resilient than low compassionate parents. A final random sample of 240 parents, equally divided into high (n=120) and low (n=120) compassionate parents were studied for their resilience. The finding confirmed the research hypothesis.

Compassion, Resilience.

1. Ajawani, J.C., & Varwandkar, V. (2010). Stress Resistance Scale. F.S. Management (I) Pvt. Ltd., Raipur. 2. Ajawani, J.C., Sethi, A., & Chhawchharia, K. (2009). Spiritual Intelligence Scale. F.S. Management India Pvt. Ltd., F.S. House, Maruti Vihar, Raipur (C.G.) India. 3. Ajawani, J.C. (2013). Stress resilience during various stages of life span as the function of need level and spiritual intelligence: An intervention programme in perspective of the Bhagavad Gita. An unpublished D.Lit. thesis, Hindu University of America, Florida, USA. 4. Anthony, E.J. (1987). Risk, vulnerability, and resilience: An overview. In E.J. Anthony & B.J. Cohler (Eds.),The Invulnerable Child (pp. 3-48). New York: Guilford Press. 5. Doggett, G. (2011). How Showing Yourself Compassion Leads to More Success and Happiness. Bestlaidscheme.com. Retrieved on 31 August 2012. 6. Doty, J. (2011). Is being compassionate healthy?. Washington Post. Sages & Scientists Symposium. 7. Masten, A.S. (2009). Ordinary Magic: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Education Canada, 49(3), 28-32. 8. McClelland, D.C., & Kirshnit, C. (1988). The effect of motivational arousal through films on salivary immunoglobulin A. Psychology and Health, 2, 31-52. 9. Mongrain, M., Chin, J. M., & Shapira, L.B. (2010). Practicing compassion increases happiness and self-esteem. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(6), 963-981. 10. Post, S.G. (2011). It s good to be good: Fifth annual scientific report on health, happiness, and helping. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine, 1(4), 814-829. 11. Terr, L.C. (1983). Chowchilla revisited: The effects of psychic trauma four years after a school-bus kidnapping. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1543-1550.

Milk is said to be the best diet, because it contains all the nutrients for life. But nowadays many types of adulteration are happening in this diet of human beings, due to which India is becoming the first country in the world to produce synthetic milk. Human beings are facing health related diseases due to synthetic milk. The government is making many types of laws for this, now it remains to be seen how the government will protect people's health.

Best, nutritious, synthetic milk, disease, law.

1. Rudra and Dutt, Indian Economy. 2. Srivastava, Ramashankar, cottage and small scale industries. 3. Sinha, VC, Indian Economic Problems. 4. Memoria and Jain, Indian Economy. 5. Cooperative magazine - Public Information Relations Department. 6. Women Dairy Development Project - Annual Report 2008. 7. Animal Husbandry and Dairy Department Krishi Bhawan New Delhi - Annual Report. 8. Capital Market Dairy Industry Specials. 9. Plan Monthly Magazine. 10. Kurukshetra Masika Magazine November 2008. 11. Daily Newspaper - Amar Ujala Bareilly Circle. 12. District Development Handbook, Shahjahanpur. 13. Chappal Magazine - Amar Ujala. 14- www.bhartiyoshodh.com; Volume 7 Issue 9- year 2016.