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Publishing Year : 2024

JULY TO SEPTEMBER
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Human Resource Management (HRM) involves several responsibilities, from workforce recruitment to continual training, development and legal compliance. There are numerous challenges of HRM in India that expand over three domains. It is a great challenge to cater to the unique requirements of the workers dependent on their age, gender, or ethnicity. As a manager,  while fostering effective communication when workers from different backgrounds work together is difficult because employee disagreements are much more frequent.The present paper deals with ihe challenges of HRM in Indian Air Force.

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Human Resource Management (HRM), Indian air force, Operations.

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  1. Becker, B. E.; Huselid, M. A. (1998) High Performance Work Systems and Firm Performance: A Synthesis of Re- search and Managerial Implications: Research in Personnel and Human Re- source Management, JAI Press Inc, USA, p. 55.

2. Hasnain, Ata (2014) “Mentoring: A Solution to Many Social Problems of the Indian Army”. South Asia Defence & Strategic Review, November 2014, Volume 1, Issue 11, p. 23-30.
3. Katou, A.; Budhwar, P. (2006) “The Effect of Human Resource Management Systems on Organizational Per- formance: Test of a Mediating Model”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Volume 17, Issue 7, p. 1223-1253.
4. Lado, A. A.; Wilson, M. C. (1994) “Human Resource Systems and Sustained Competitive Advantage: a Compe- tency-based Perspective”.  Academy of Management Journal, Volume19, Issue no. 4, p. 27.
5. Lee, Feng-Hui; Fzai-Zang, Lee (2007) “The relationships between HRM practices, Leadership style, competitive strategy and business performance in Taiwanese steel industry”. The 13th Asia Pacific Management Conference, Australia, Melbourne.
6. Wernerfelt, B. (1984) “A Resource-based View of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 171.

JULY TO SEPTEMBER
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The Indian financial crisis of 1991 along with the emergence of globalization in the Indian economy during the 1990s necessitated the convergence of existing economic and commercial laws. The inflating issues of the Non-performing Assets (‘NPAs’) in the Indian economy and the absence of a robust insolvency legal regime to deal with the same was duly highlighted by several expert committees formed by the Indian Government to deal with it. In furtherance, desperate reforms were released to liberate the economy and get on a new journey. Amongst the economic reforms of India, the reforms in the Indian banking sector formed a crucial part. The Indian insolvency regime, henceforth, underwent a major transformation. The “United Nations Commission of International Trade Law” (‘UNICITRAL’) suggested international standards formed the basis for it. In light of recommendations floated by committees to amend “the Companies Act, of 1956” to form a proper insolvency regime in India, it was replaced with “the Companies Act of 2013” and a uniform “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016” (‘Code’). Since the Code was enacted, we have observed ongoing challenges that the legislative body is actively addressing. This paper aims to research certain such crises faced during “the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process” (‘CIRP’).

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Deciphering, Corporate, Finance.

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1. Gupta, Mani; Chaudhry , Aman and Upadhyay, Saumya, (2022)  Overview of India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, GRR, https://globalrestructuringreview.com/review/asia-pacific-restructuring-review/2023/article/overview-of-indias-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code, Assess on March 24, 2023, 8:05 PM.
2. Insolvency and bankruptcy News, IBBI 22, 14 (2022).
3. Id.
4. M. S. Sahoo, Insolvency Reforms, A Road Under Construction, IBBI (2020).
5. Supra note 2.
6. Chugh, Bharat and Singh, Advaya Hari (2020)  A to Z of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: A Beginner’s Guide (Part II), June 8, 2020, https://bharatchugh.in/2020/06/08/a-to-z-of-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-a-beginners-guide-part-ii/, Assess on March 24, 2023, 1:09 PM.
7. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016”, § 21(1), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
8. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016”, § 22(2), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
9. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 13(1) and 14, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
10. “Understanding the IBC: Key Jurisprudence and Practical Considerations, A Handbook”, IBBI, October 2020.
11. Shrijita Kesharwani, Analysis of Corporate Insolvency and Laws Related To It, [2021] 1132 TAXMANN.COM 4 (Article), November 1, 2021.
12. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 24, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
13. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 28, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
14. "Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 25, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
15. D’Souza, Christian  and Das, Priankta, (2022) The proposed code of conduct for CoC: A forestall of creditors’ supremacy? 139 TAXMANN.COM 218 (Article), June 9, 2022
16. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 12A, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
17. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 30(6), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
18. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India”, Discussion Paper, Aug 27, 2021.
19. “Essar Steel India v Satish Kumar Gupta” (CA No. 8766-67/2019 & others).
20. Singh, Gaargi (2022) Need fr Judicial Scrutiny of the Commercial Wisdom, Indian Review of Corporate” and CL, June (2022), https://www.irccl.in/post/need-for-judicial-scrutiny-of-the-commercial-wisdom-of-coc, Assess on March 24, 2023, 5:24 PM.
21. D’Souza, Christian and Das, Priankta, (2022) The proposed code of conduct for CoC: A forestall of creditors’ supremacy? 139 TAXMANN.COM 218 (Article), Assess on June 9, 2022.
22. Civil Appeal No. 10673 of 2018.
23 CA No. 8766-67/2019 & others.
24. Supra note 10.
25. (2019) 2 SCC 1 [116].
26. Supra note 10.
27. K Sashidhar v. Indian Overseas Bank [2019] 102 taxmann.com 139/152 SCL 312 (SC)”; “Andhra Steel India Ltd v Satish Kumar Gupta [2019] 111 taxmann.com 234 (SC); Maharashtra Seamless Ltd v. Padmanabhan”, Venkatesh [2020] 113 taxmann.com 421/158 SCL 567 (SC), Assess on  March 20, 2023, 2:33 PM.
28. Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 612 of 2019.
29. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, 29A, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
30. Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 579 of 2020.
31. “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 29A, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India)”.
32. SBI v. Videocon Industries Ltd (2019) SCC Online NCLT 23720; IDBI Bank Ltd v Siva Industries and Holdings Ltd [2019] 109 taxmann.com 255 (NCLT - Chennai) (SB), Assess on  March 23, 2023, 9:21 PM.
33. Supra note 18.
34. Supra note 10.
35. State Bank of India v. Ushdev International Ltd. 2018 SCC OnLine NCLT 173.
36. D’Souza, Christian  and Das, Priankta (2022) The proposed code of conduct for CoC: A forestall of creditors’ supremacy? [2022] 139 TAXMANN.COM 218 (Article), Assess on  June 9, 2022.
37. Jain, Shraiya and Jhalani, Palak (2022) Accountability of the CoC: Formulating a Standard Code of Conduct, NLIU Journal of Business laws, Volume 3, December 29, 2022, p. 5-9.
38. Singh, Jyoti  & Shriram, Vishnu (2017) Insolvency And Bankruptcy Code, 2016: Concepts and Procedures, Bloomsbury India Professional, 2nd edition, p. 5-15.
39. Mukesh Chand, Bankruptcy Code Dilemma and Challenges, LiveLaw (2022), https://www-livelaw-in.elibraryhnlu.remotexs.in/columns/insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-nclt-allahabad-english-bankruptcy-act-corporate-insolvency-ibbi-cirp-personal-insolvency-203333, Assess on March 24, 2023, 6:22 PM.
40. Id.
41. Anand, Saurav (2023) Insolvency cases up 25% in Q3, but recoveries still on downtrend: Report, LIVEMINT, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/insolvency-cases-up-25-in-q3-but-recoveries-still-on-downtrend-report-11676889990257.html, Assess on March 24, 2023, 7:53 PM.
42. Id.
43. Id.
44. Chugh, Nidhi S.(2021) Delay in resolution raise questions on IBC regime, ETBFSI (2021), https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/banking/delay-in-resolutions-raise-questions-on-ibc-regime/86250618", Assess on March 25, 2022).
45. “Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Invitation of comments from the public on changes being considered to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, F”. No. 30/38/2021-Isolvency, Notified on January, 18, 2 (2023).
46 Perumal, Venkateshwara and Das, Paulomi (2023) Time vs. Value: A Tug of War in IBC Concerning Reliance Capital, 147 TAXMANN.COM 575 (Article), Assess on February 28, 2023.
47. Supra note 10.
48. Gaur, Yatin and Kumar, Ashutosh (2022) Walking the tightrope: Addressing the legal conundrum vis-a-vis Vidarbha Industries judgment and what lies ahead, Insolvency and bankruptcy Journal, ICSI IIP 9, 7, 141 TAXMANN.COM 284 (Article), Assess on August 17, 2022.
49. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 3(21), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
50. Supra note 10.
51. Supra note 41.
52. “M S Sahoo, Here’s How IBC 2016 Has Taken Corporate Governance to New Heights, Financial Express”, Feb. 30, 2020, www.financialexpress.com/opinion/heres-how-ibc-2016-has-taken-corporate-governance-to-new-heights/1866199/, Assess on March  10,  2023, 1:10 PM.
53. Alchemist Asset Reconstruction Co. Ltd. v. Hotel Gaudavan (P.) Ltd. [2017] 88 TAXMANN.COM 202/[2018] 145 SCL 428 (SC), Assess on March 22, 2023, 5:05 PM..
54. “M/s Embassy Property Developments Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Karnataka and Others, 2019 SCC OnLine SC” 1542.
55. Supra note 10.
56. All about Moratorium under Section 14 of IBC, 2016 including judicial pronouncements, Rajat Jain & Associates (2022), https://carajput.com/learn/all-about-moratorium-us-14-of-ibc-2016-including-judicial-pronouncements.html#heading_3, Assess on March 24, 5:34 PM.
57. Gujrat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited v. Amit Gupta & Ors. Civil Appeal No. 9241 of 2019.
58. Ghish, Shalin  (2023) Secured Creditors vis-à-vis Debt Recovery: A Positive Step, LiveLaw, February 10, 2023, https://www-livelaw-in.elibraryhnlu.remotexs.in/columns/secured-creditors-vis-vis-debt-recovery-a-positive-step-221277, Assess on March 24, 2023, 6:33 PM.
59. Alchemist Asset Reconstruction Co. Ltd. v. Hotel Gaudavan (P.) Ltd. [2017] 88 taxmann.com 202/[2018] 145 SCL 428 (SC).; P.Mohanraj and Others v. Shah Brothers Ispat Pvt. Ltd. (2016) 7 SCC 221, Assess on March 02, 2023, 07:09 PM.
60. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. v. Jyoti Structures Ltd. [2017] 88 taxmann.com 124/[2018] 145 SCL 449 (Delhi), Assess on March 09, 2023,10:16 AM.
61. Insolvency professional: A Key to resolution Information Brochure, IBBI (2021).
62. Deputy Director, Office of the Joint Directorate of Enforcement vs. Asset Reconstruction Company of India Ltd. and others (Writ Petition No. 29970 of 2019 and WMP Nos. 29872 and 34971 of 2019).
63. Frequently Asked Questions on the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Committee on Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, ICAI (2022).
64. Pallavi Mishra, “RP and CoC Can Request Resolution Plan for a Second Time: IBBI Notification”, LIVE LAW (2023), https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/insolvency-and-bankruptcy-board-of-india-ibbi-insolvency-resolution-process-for-corporate-persons-regulations-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-209640, Assess on March 25, 2023, 10:20 AM.
65. Ghanashyam Mishra and Sons Private Limited through the Authorized Signatory v. Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Company Limited through the Director and Others (CIVIL APPEAL NO.8129 OF 2019).
66. Quarterly Newsletter For Jul-Sep. 2021, IBBI (2021).
67. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016,  27, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
68. Supra note 18 at 5.
69. Borkataky, Samiron and Angirish, Kritika (2022) India: Swiss Challenge Method: A Brief Discussion, MONDAQ, https://www.mondaq.com/india/insolvencybankruptcy/1232462/swiss-challenge-method-a-brief-discussion, Assess on March 25, 2023, 2:02 PM.
70. Supra note 18 at 6.
71. C. P. No. 1399/I&BP/2017.
72. C.P.1981(IB)/MB/2019.
73. Supra note 18.
74. Id.
75. Id.
76. Id.
77. Regulation 2(1)(ha), The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Resolution of Corporate Persons) Regulations, 2016".
78. Quarterly Newsletter For Jul-Sep. 2021, IBBI (2021).
79. Supra note 41.
80. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 25(2)(h), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
81. Deshmukh, Amitesh (2023) Understanding Challenges In CIRP While Managing Business As Going Concern, Insolvency Tracker, https://insolvencytracker.in/2023/03/05/understanding-challenges-in-cirp-while-managing-business-as-going-concern/, Assess on March 25, 2023, 2:09 PM.
82. Supra note 10.
83. Garg, Prithu and Singh, Shailendera (2020) Resolution Plan Under IBC: An Albatross Around The Resolution Applicant’s Neck”, LIVELAW, https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/articles/resolution-plan-under-ibc-an-albatross-around-the-resolution-applicants-neck-161708, Assess on March 25, 2023, 3:40 PM.
84. Id.
85. Supra note 10.
86. Supra note 18.
87. Id.
88. Id.
89. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 30(2), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
90. Supra note 18.
91. Supra note 10.
92. Supra note 41, at 10.
93. Supra note 10.
94. Id.
95. Supra note 41.
96. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 30, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
97. Supra note 41.
98. Id.
99. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 53, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
100. Das, Awstika (2023) NCLAT Chairperson Calls for IBC Amendment to Ensure Due Share for Operational Creditors; Stresses on Need to Train IRPs”, Live Law, https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/nclat-chairperson-calls-for-ibc-amendment-to-ensure-due-share-for-operational-creditors-stresses-on-need-to-train-irps-219654, Assess on March 25, 2023, 6:17 PM)
101. Supra note 41.
102. IBC, 2016, § 3(10), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
103. IBC,2016, § 5(7), No. 31.
104. IBC, 2016, § 5(8), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
105. IBC, 2016, § 5(20), No. 31.
106. IBC, 2016, § 5(21), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
107. Supra note 38.
108. Supra note 10.
109. Id.
110. Swiss Ribbons v Union of India (2019) SCC Online SC 73; “Akshay Jhunjhunwala and Anr. v. Union of India” [W.P. No. 672 of 2017].
111. Supra note 41.
112. Supra note 10.
113. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 7(1), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
114. IBC, 2016, § 8, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
115. IBC, 2016, § 24(3)(c), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
116. IBC,2016, § 7(3)(b), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
117. IBC, 2016, § 9(4), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
118. IBC, 2016, § 215, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
119. IBC, 2016, § 53(2), No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
120. Justice Bhushan at the book launch of the second edition of Eastern Book Company’s ‘Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code’ by A.K. Mittal, while highlighting the need for amendment of section 53 of the Code said, “The maximum casualty is of the operational creditor who are at the very bottom of the distribution chain. The financial creditors take the major share, while the operational creditors get nothing”, https://www-livelaw-in.elibraryhnlu.remotexs.in/top-stories/nclat-chairperson-calls-for-ibc-amendment-to-ensure-due-share-for-operational-creditors-stresses-on-need-to-train-irps-219654, Assess on March 25, 2023, 10:23 PM.
121. Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Limited (through authorized signatory) v. Satish Kumar Gupta and Others, (2020) 8 SCC 531.
122. India Resurgence Arc (P.) Ltd. v. Amit Metaliks Ltd [2021] 127 taxmann.com 610 (SC)
123. Sethi, Rajat and Agarwal, Aditi (2021) India: Case Note: Judgement Of The Supreme Court In The Essar Steel Case, Modaq, https://www.mondaq.com/india/insolvencybankruptcy/1058270/case-note-judgement-of-the-supreme-court-in-the-essar-steel-case, Assess on March 25, 2023, 10:49 PM.
124. Id.
125. IBC, 2016, § 4, No. 31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).
126. Manhas, Anupam (2022) Corporate Insolvency Laws: A Critical Analysis, 5 INT’I J.L. MGMT. & HUMAN. 1378.
127. Supra note 81.

JULY TO SEPTEMBER
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Sexual Attitude Scale constructed and standardised by Abraham (1997)1 and Self-developed Personal Information Inventory were administered on a sample of 100 married and 100 unmarried female students studying in Degree Colleges of Saran District undar Jai Prakash University, Chapra. The sample was drawn from constituent colleges of rural and urban areas. The objective of the investigation was to see the influence of marital status and inhabitation on attitudes towards premarital sex and lesbianism. The results indicated that unmarried college girl hold significantly more favourable attitudes towards premarital sex and lesbianism. Urban girl students irrespective of their marital status were found holding significantly more favourable attitudes towards pre-marital sex and lesbianism than their rural counterparts. It was concluded that attitudes of college girls towards pre-marital sex and lesbianism are functions of their marital status and inhabitation.

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Marital Status, Inhabitation, Lesbianism, Sex.

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 1. Abraham, A. (1997). Sexual Attitude Scales, National Psychological Corporation, Agra, p. 37.

2. Bailey, J.M & Zucker, K.J. (1995). Childhood Sex-typed Behaviour and Sexual Orientation: A Conceptual Analysis and Quantitative Review, Development Psychology, 31,               p. 43-45.

3. Bell, A.P.: Weinberg, M.S. and Hammersmith, S.K. (1981). Sexual Preference: Its Development in Man and Women, Bleomington, Indiana University Press, p. 59.

4. Ganguli, H.C. (1988). Behavioural Research in Sexuality, Vikas Publishing Company, New Delhi, p. 49.

5. Hite, S. (1987) The Hite Report on Female Sexuality, Dell Publishing, New York, p. 71.

6. Laumann, E.O.; Gagnon, J.H.; Michael, R.T. and Michaels, S (1994) ‘The Social Organisation of Sexuality: Sexual Practice in the United States’, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 43.

7. Sax, L.J.: Lindholm, J.A.: Astin, A.W.; Korn, W.S. and Marhoney, K.M. (2002): The American Freshman: National Norms form Fall, 2002 Co-operative Institutional Research Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, p. 183, 188, 197, 247, 341.

8. Wadhwa, Soma (2004): Vaivahik Sex ke Sutra, Outlook weekly, Hindi, Dec, 20, p. 28-33.


JULY TO SEPTEMBER
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In today’s competitive business environment, understanding and managing customer churn is crucial for sustaining growth and profitability. Customer churn, where customers end their association with a company, significantly impacts revenue and market share across industries. Traditional churn analysis methods, relying on simplistic models and historical data, often fall short in predicting and pre-empting churn effectively. Machine learning (ML) has revolutionized churn management by leveraging advanced algorithms and vast datasets to gain deeper insights into customer behaviours. ML models such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, and gradient boosting machines enable businesses to predict churn accurately and generate probabilistic churn scores to prioritize retention efforts. ML’s effectiveness in churn management is enhanced by its capability in integrating diverse data sources—customer interactions, transaction histories, demographics, and behavioural patterns—to create comprehensive customer profiles. Feature engineering techniques extract predictive features from raw data, improving churn prediction precision and enabling customized retention strategies. Segmentation and personalization strategies, facilitated by unsupervised learning algorithms like clustering, categorize customers into homogeneous groups based on behaviour and preferences. This approach identifies specific churn patterns within segments, allowing targeted interventions to pre-empt customer attrition. Real-time analytics powered by ML enable businesses to monitor customer interactions dynamically, identifying early churn indicators and facilitating timely interventions. This capability is crucial in rapidly changing industries, enabling adaptive retention strategies that promptly mitigate churn risks. While ML offers significant opportunities in churn management, challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, ethical considerations, and operational integration need addressing to ensure responsible use and maximize its potential in driving customer retention and sustainable business growth. Looking ahead, ML’s evolution promises further innovations in predictive modelling, AI-driven customer experiences, behavioural analytics, and augmented analytics, empowering businesses to optimize resource allocation, enhance customer satisfaction, and maintain competitive advantage in dynamic markets.

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Churn, Revenue, Pre-empting, Mitigate, Interpretability, Augmented, Operational.

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  1. Almufadi, N.; Qamar, A. M.; Khan, R. U.; & Ben Othman, M. T. (2019). Deep learning-based churn prediction of telecom subscribers. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 12(12), p. 2743-2748.

2. Amin, A.; Al-Obeidat, F.; Adnan, B. A.; Loo, J., & Anwar, S. (2019). Customer churn prediction in telecommunication industry under uncertain situation. Center for Excellence in Information Technology, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, 25000 Pakistan. College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, 144534 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Computing and Communication Engineering, University West London.
3. Ballings, M.; Van den Poel, D., & Verhagen, E. (2012). Improving customer churn prediction by data augmentation using pictorial stimulus-choice data. In Casillas, J., Martínez-López, F. J., & Corchado Rodríguez, J. M. (Eds.), Management Intelligent Systems,  Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p. 217-226.
4. Dalvi, P. K.; Khandge, S. K.; Deomore, A.; Bankar, A.; & Kanade, V. A. (2006). Analysis of customer churn prediction in telecom industry using decision trees and logistic regression. In Proceedings of the Symposium Colossal Data Analysis and Networking (CDAN), p. 1-4.
5. Jones, T. O. & Sasser, W. E. (1995). Why satisfied customers defect. Harvard Business Review, 73(6), p. 88-88.
6. Kalyani, N. L. & Prakash, K. B. (2022). Soil color as a measurement for estimation of fertility using deep learning techniques. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 13(5), p. 305-312.
7. Kriti (2019). Customer churn: A study of factors affecting customer churn using machine learning. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, p. 87- 93.
8. Kumar, A. S. & Chandrakala, D. (2016). A survey on customer churn prediction using machine learning techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications, 154(10), p. 13-16. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016912237
9. Nasebah, A.; Qamar, A. M.; Khan, R. U.; & Ben Othman, M. T. (2019). Deep learning-based churn prediction of telecom subscribers. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 12(12), p. 2743-2748.
10. Neslin, S. A.; Gupta, S.; Kamakura, W.; Lu, J.; & Mason, C. H. (2006). Defection detection: Measuring and understanding the predictive accuracy of customer churn models. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), p. 204-211.
11. Pronay, G. (n.d.). Project report on customer churn prediction using supervised machine learning, source of data set -Internshala, Web- www.internshala.com, Assess on 27/04/2024.
12. Peddarapu, R. K. & Rajarajeswari, P. (2022). Early detection of melanoma skin cancer using efficient Netb6. International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), p. 1-5.
13. Qureshi, S. A.; Rehman, A. S.; Qamar, A. M.; Kamal, A.; & Rehman, A. (2013). Telecommunication subscribers’ churn prediction model using machine learning. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Information Management, p. 131-136.
14. Rani, K. S.; Thaslima, S.; Prasanna, N. G. L.; & Srilakshmi, P. (2021). Analysis of customer churn prediction in telecom industry using logistic regression. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST), 9(4). https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2021.9.4.6, p. 34-38.
15. Singh, D.; Vansh & Kanchana, M. (2019). Survey paper on churn prediction on telecom. SRM, India, Vol. 27, Isssue5, p. 395-403.
16. Ullah, I.; Raza, B.; Malik, A. K.; Imran, M.; Islam, S. U.; & Kim, S. W. (2019). A churn prediction model using random forest: Analysis of machine learning techniques for churn prediction and factor identification in telecom sector. IEEE Access, 7, p. 60134-60149.
17. Wei, C. & Chiu, I. (2002). Turning telecommunications call details to churn prediction: A data mining approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 23(2), p. 103-112.
18. Zhao, M.; Zeng, Q.; Chang, M.; Tong, Q.; & Su, J. (2021). A prediction model of customer churn considering customer value: An empirical research of telecom industry in China. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, p. 110-116.

JULY TO SEPTEMBER
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In today’s business landscape, social media networks have become indispensable for driving growth and expansion. While initially prominent among larger corporations, social media has increasingly become a crucial factor in the success of small businesses over the past several decades. As a result, the influence of social media extends across all sectors, including start ups, small enterprises, and large organizations. Its far-reaching impacts can be observed in various aspects of business operations, such as recruitment strategies, marketing initiatives, and customer relationships. This phenomenon has been anticipated globally. Nevertheless, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the notion of social media, identify the growth drivers of small organizations, examine the impact of social media in India, and explore the correlations between information systems and management sectors, specifically focusing on social networking for business growth. Furthermore, the successes achieved through social media involvement in developed nations serve as notable examples; however, it is equally important to recognize the approaches employed by developing countries like India to achieve significant progress. To better comprehend the role of social media in small business growth, this investigation employs a qualitative analytical framework, highlighting the diverse facets of social media and their influential characteristics for small businesses.

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Social Media, Impact on Small Scale Business, Growth, MSMEs.

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  1. Ahmed,  R.R.,  Hussain,  S.,  Pahi,  M.H.,  Usas,  A.,  &  Jasinskas,  E.  (2019).  Social  media handling and extended  technology  acceptance model  (ETAM): Evidence from  SEM-based multivariate approach. Transformations in  Business  & Economics, 18(3), p. 246–271.

2. Algharabat,  R.;  Rana,  N.  P.;  Alalwan,  A.  A.;  Baabdullah,  A.; &  Gupta,  A.  (2020). Investigating the antecedents of customer brand engagement and consumer-based brand equity in social media. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53(C), 101767.
3. Anas, A. Al Bakri (2017), “The Impact of social media applications on small and medium business entrepreneurs in India”  International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, Volume 3; Issue 10; October 2017; p. 50-53.
4. Andrew, T. Stephen (2010), “The Complementary roles of traditional and social media publicity in driving marketing performance”,  Andrew T.sphen publisher p. 231-245.
5. Balan, Shilpa & Rege, Janhavi (2017), “Mining for Social Media: Usage Patterns of Small Businesses”, Sciencedo publisher, Poland, p. 43-55.
6. Barnes, D.; Clear, F.; Dyerson, R.; Harindranath, G.; Harris, L.; Rae, A. (2012), “Web 2.0 and micro-businesses: an exploratory investigation”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 19 No. 4, p. 687-711.
7. Fluss, D. (2013), “Meeting the Social Media Challenge”, CRM Magazine, Vol. 17 No. 9, p. 38-39.
8. Granovetter, M. (1973) “The strength of weak ties”, American journal of sociology,  Vol. 78, No. 6. (May, 1973), p. 1360-1380.
9. Gulati, R. (1998) “Alliances and Networks”, Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), p. 293-317.
10. Gümüs & Kütahyali (2017), “Perceptions of Social Media by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey”, Academia publisher, p 123-155.

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India has a long history of political and cultural ties with different countries of the world. It has always played a crucial role in expanding its domain in every sphere - political, social, cultural, and economic and so on. It has believed in Reformation, Performance and Transformation. India has evolved as a competent country to establish peace and stability with the neighboring countries. India’s continuous ability in developing strong relations with other countries has made its position as one of the strongest country in the world. This paper will focus on the shift of the foreign policy strategy in the Modi era with special reference to the West Asian countries, centering attention towards STU countries i.e., Saudi Arabia, Turkey and United Arab Emirates. The STU countries form a prime position among the other West Asian countries. From many past decades a good relation has been developed between India and STU countries. The paper will deal with the geo-political and strategic relevance, crucial relationship between India and STU countries, how they build importance for each other and the grand design for the future. Further, this paper will also cover the respective contributions of UPA and BJP, the two political parties which have played an important role in shaping Indian politics and how the latter proved to be more efficient in the task of building a stronger relationship with the STU countries. 

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Reformation, Performance, Transformation, Geo-political, Cultural.

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  1. Azmi, R. (2006). GCC ‘looks east’: Saudi Arabia’s engagements with India. India Quarterly, 62(4), 124–151. doi:10.1177/097492840606200406, Assess on 25 March, 2024.

2. India and Saudi Arabia: A Thriving Partnership Towards a Promising Future. ORF.23 Feb. 2024 https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-and-saudi-arabia-a-thriving-partnership-towards-a-promising-future, Assess on 28 March, 2024.
3. India, Saudi Arabia discuss mechanisms to promote joint cultural projects, The Economies Times 11Sept, 2023 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-saudi-arabia-discuss-mechanisms-to-promote-joint-cultural-projects/articleshow/103569577.cms?from=mdr, Assess on 05 April, 2024.
4. Indian-UAE Cultural Relations Reach New Heights: Anchored in Trust and Proven Reliability, Finacial Express 16 Feb,2024 https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/indian-uae-cultural-relations-reach-new-heights-anchored-in-trust-and-proven-reliability/3396360/lite/, Assess on n 22 March, 2024.
5. India-Saudi Arabia Bilateral Cooperation https://www.eoiriyadh.gov.in/page/india-saudi-bilateral-relations/, Assess on 10 April, 2024.
6. Modi in Saudi Arabia: Upping the ‘Look West’ Game The Diplomat 9 Nov.2019 https://thediplo mat.com/2019/11/modi-in-saudi-arabia-upping-the-look-west-game/, Assess on 06 April, 2024.
7. Partners in Progress: The Transformation of the India–UAE Relationship https://www.idsa.in/issuebrief/Transformation-of-the-India-UAE-Relationship-PKPradhan-200224, Assess on 08 April, 2024.
8. Shah, M. A. (2021). LIMITS OF BILATERALISM. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 25(4), 60–77.
9. Türkiye - India Political Relations https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-india-relations.en.mfa, Assess on 08 April, 2024.
10. Why India’s ties with Turkey are worse than ever before Scroll.in 25Sept.2023 https://amp.scroll.in/article/1056167/why-indias-ties-with-turkey-are-worse-than-ever-before, Assess on 29 March, 2024.

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समाज के निर्माण में महिलाओं की भूमिका प्रमुख है। महिलाओं की स्थिति में समय-समय पर देश काल के अनुसार परिवर्तन होता रहा है। वर्तमान भारतीय समाज में अनेक बदलाव हुए है जिनका महिलाओं की स्थिति में भी कई बदलाव आये है तथा गरीब महिलाओं पर इसका अधिक प्रभाव पड़ा, क्योंकि सैकड़ों वर्षों की परतन्त्रता की वजह से भारतवर्ष संसार के गरीब देशों में से एक है। भारतीय समाज की परम्परागत व्यवस्था में महिलायें आजीवन पिता, पति और पुत्र के संरक्षण में जीवन-यापन करती रही हैं। भारतीय संविधान में पुरूषों एवं महिलाओं को समाज दर्जा और अधिकार दिये जाने के बावजूद इस तथ्य से इंकार नहीं किया जा सकता कि विकास और सामाजिक स्तर की दृष्टि से महिलायें अभी पुरूषों से काफी पीछे हैं। भारतीय समाज में महिला आज भी कमजोर वर्गों में शामिल है। महिला परिवार की आधारशिला है और सामाजिक विकास बहुत कुछ उसी के सद्प्रयासों से सम्भव है। स्त्रियां ही संतति की परम्परा में मुख्य भूमिका निभाती हैं फिर भी प्राचीन समाज से लेकर आधुनिक कहे जाने वाले समाज तक स्त्रियां उपेक्षित ही रही हैं। उन्हें कम से कम सुविधाओं, अधिकारों और उन्नति के अवसरों में रखा जाता रहा है, इसी कारण महिलाओं की परिस्थिति अत्यन्त निचले स्तर पर है।

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भारतीय समाज, सामाजिक समस्याएं, शिक्षा, महिला, विवाह, राजनीति.

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  1. केलकर, गोविन्द (1881) इम्पैक्ट आफ ग्रीन रिवोल्यूशन आन वीमेन्स वर्क पार्टीसिपेशन एण्ड सैक्स, सेन्टर फॉर पोलिसी रिसर्च, नई दिल्ली, पृ. 152।

2. कुमार, नृपेन्द्र (1982) पाटीसीपेशम ऑफ वूमेन इनसोसाटी, एशिया पब्लिकेशन हाउस, मुंबई, पृ. 9।
3. श्रीवास्तव, सुधीर (1985) वूमेन इमपावरमेंट, टाटा मैग्रोहिल प्रकाशन, नई दिल्ली, पृ. 87।
4. माथुर, दीपा (1992) वूमेन फैमिली एंड वर्क, रावत पब्लिकेशन जयपुर, पृ. 138।
5. सिंह, सोरन (1997) सिडियूल कास्ट इन इंडिया एंड डाईमेन्शन ऑफ सोशल चेज, ज्ञान पब्लिकेशन, नई दिल्ली, पृ. 182।
6. मिश्रा स्वेता (1997) पंचायती राज संस्थाआंे मे महिलाआंे की सहभागिता, ग्रामीण विकास न्यूज लेटर 1-31 जुलाई, पृ.सं. 7।
7. आहुजा, राम (1999) भारतीय सामाजिक व्यवस्था, रावत प्रकाशन, जयपुर, पृ. 186।
8. सक्सेना, किरण (2001) ‘‘विमेन्स एण्ड पॉलिटिक्स‘‘ ज्ञान पब्लिशिंग हाउस, नई दिल्ली, पृ. 34।
9. आहुजा, राम (2002) भारतीय समाज, रावत पब्लिकेशन्स, नई दिल्ली, पृ. 321।
10. व्यास, मीनाक्षी (2002) मिडिल एंड लोअर क्लास वर्किंग वूमेन, सीम्या पब्लिकेशन, मुंबई, पृ. 25।
11. सिंहा, मधुक्षी (2002) सर्वागीण ग्रामीण विकास में महिलाओ की भूमिका-एक सामाजिक अध्ययन, कुरूक्षेत्र ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय, नई दिल्ली, वालयुम 7 इश्यु 1-2 पृ. 156।
12. सिंह, दिनेश कुमार (2002) रूरल वूमेन इकोनोमिक एण्ड पॉलिटिकल पारटिसिपेश, विवेकानन्द एजुकेशन रिसर्च एण्ड डेवलपमेंट सोसायटी, आगरा, पृ. 87।
13. सिंह, राम समुझ (2019) भारतीय समाज मे महिलाआंे की स्थिति एवं सामाजिक समस्याएँ एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन, क्वेस्ट जर्नल्स, नई दिल्ली पृ. 65।

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मनोवैज्ञानिक कारक आपस में एक दुसरे को किसी न किसी प्रकार से प्रभावित करते हैं। विद्यार्थी के सर्वांगीण विकास हेतु शिक्षक को बाल मनोविज्ञान से परिचित होना आवश्यक है । प्रस्तुत शोध में संवेगात्मक बुद्धि का सृजनात्मकता एवं शैक्षिक उपलब्धि पर पड़ने वाले प्रभाव का अध्यययन किया गया है। प्राप्त निष्कर्षों के अनुसार संवेगात्मक बुद्धि का सृजनात्मकता पर धनात्मक प्रभाव पाया गया। किसी छात्र की संवेगात्मक बुद्धि अधिक हो तो उसे सृजनात्मक कार्यों की ओर प्रेरित किया जा सकता है। किसी कारणवश उच्च संवेगात्मक बुद्धि वाले विद्यार्थी की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि संतोषप्रद न हो तो संभावित कारणों का पता लगाकर तथा संवेगात्मक बुद्धि के विकास द्वारा समस्या का समाधान किया जा सकता है।

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मनोविज्ञान, संवेगात्मक, बुद्धि, विद्यार्थी.

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  1. Tripathi, Lokesh,(2018): “Samvegatmak Budhhi ke Sandarbh me vidyarthion ki Srijnatmkta evam   Shaikshik uplabhdhi ka adhyayan” IOSR -JRME, Vol.-8, Issue-6, p. 65.

2. Sharma, Gaytri (2012): “Samvegatmak Budhhi ke Sandarbh me vidyarthion ki Srijnatmkta ka adhyayan” Govt. Teacher Training College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, p. 45.

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Utilizing YouTube as a platform for promoting health schemes through advertisements has proven to be a highly effective method for reaching the intended audience. These advertisements play a crucial role in educating, creating awareness, and disseminating information about the advantages of various health schemes. Notably, Ayushman Bharat advertisements are featured on the YouTube channels of both the Press Information Bureau (PIB) and Ayushman Bharat National Health Authority (AyushmanNHA). This analytical study focuses on assessing the content and effectiveness of these YouTube advertisements from both channels. The investigation includes a comparative analysis of viewer engagement metrics such as likes, comments, and views for each channel, accompanied by visually representative plots of the advertisements. By conducting content analysis on the top three videos from each channel, the study aims to evaluate the objectives and hypotheses. It identifies areas of strength and areas for improvement, offering insights that contribute to refining strategies. The goal is to ensure that crucial healthcare information is easily accessible to all, thereby contributing to enhanced healthcare outcomes for the population.

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Ayushman Bharat, Press Information Bureau  (PIB), AyushmanNHA, Advertisement, YouTube, Health.

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  1. Burgess, J., and Green, J. (2009). YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Jean Burgess and Joshua Green, p. 38-57.

2. Dehghani, M., Niaki, M. K., Ramezani, I., Sali, R. (2016). Evaluating the influence of YouTube advertising for attraction of young customers. Computers in human behavior, p. 59, 165-172.
3. DRSC on Health and Family Welfare, Ninety –Second Report, 2016.
4. DRSC on Health and Family Welfare, One hundred ninth Report, 2018.
5. Gopichandran, V. (2019). Ayushman Bharat National health protection scheme: an ethical analysis. Asian Bioethics Review, 11(1), p. 69-80.
6. Health System for a New India: Building Blocks (Potential Pathways to Reform), NITI Aayog Report, November 2019.
7. Kavita Singh, (2020) “Strengthening Health Systems”, Yojana, May 2020, p. 17-22.
8. Kothari, C.R. (2004), Content Analysis, Data Collection, Research Methodology (Methods and Techniques), New Delhi: India, p. 96-110.
9. Lok Sabha Unstarred Question no.5639 Dated 26.07.2019, No.1992 Dated 29.11.2019, No.1336 Dated 28.06.2019.
10. Madathil, K. C., Rivera-Rodriguez, A. J., Greenstein, J. S., & Gramopadhye, A. K. (2015). Healthcare information on YouTube: a systematic review. Health Informatics journal, 21(3), p. 173-194.
11. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Annual Report, 2019-20.
12. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Annual Report, 2019-20 and Annual Report 2018-19.
13. National Health Authority. (2019). About Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. Retrieved from https://nha.gov.in/PM-JAY Assess On - 23.02.2024
14. National Library of Medicine. (2023). Awareness of the Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana in the Rural Community: A Cross-Section Study in Eastern India. retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081073/ Assess On - 13.04.2024
15. Naveena, N. (2015). Importance of mass media in communicating health messages: An analysis. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(2), 36-41.
16. Prior, L. (2014). Content analysis. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research Oxford University Press, p. 359–379.
17. Rodriguez, P. R. (2017). Effectiveness of YouTube advertising: A study of audience analysis. Rochester Institute of Technology, p. 8-12.

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Secularism in Indian context means the state’s impartial behaviour towards any religion, which may also be put as that the state does not have any religion of its own. This principle finds place in the Indian constitution as well and is a part of ethos of the country. The philosophy of the secularism is influenced by the principle of ‘Sarva Dharma Sambhava’, unlike western secularism which only emphasis about the separation of the church and the state. Indian secularism in essence is more about a positive approach which is inclusive of religious diversity and promotes harmony amongst the citizens. The country’s overall history ranging from ancient to medieval times have exhibited a culture of religious coexistence. Rulers like Asoka and Akbar advocated religious tolerance and Sufism and Bhakti movements have strengthened the secular values. Coming to the Indian national movement era, the efforts of great leaders like Gandhi and Nehru always reflected the secular ideals for the people of the country, and the same finds place in the constitution which through various articles and amendments till date, guarantee fundamental rights that protect the freedom and equality and there are various judicial pronouncements on the same. Like all good things in governance, secularism has its impediments, hindrances such as caste based politics; pseudo secular practises are few of them. In this research paper the author would like to explore more on the intricacies of secularism in India.

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Secularism, Religious Positive Secularism Neutrality, Fundamental Rights.

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  1. Basu, Durga Das. (2007) Commentary on the Constitution of India, Lexis Nesis, Wadhwa, Nagpur, p. 400.

2. Ibid.
3. Singh, M.P. (2013) V N Shukla’s Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, p. 4.
4. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org access on 24 April 2024
5. https://www.hindustantimes.com, visited on 22th Jan, 2024.
6. https://books.google.co.in access on 20 March 2024
7. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org, visited on 30th June, 2022.
8. (1994) 3 SCC 1
9. AIR 2002 SC 3176
10. AIR 1974 SC 1389
11. AIR 1973 SC 1461
12. (1994) 3 SCC 1
13. 1977 SCR (2) 611
14. (2019) 11 SCC 1
15. 1975 SCR 453
16. 2019 (6) ALLMR 482.
17. https://www.legalserviceindia.com, access on 17 Feb 2024 
18. https://www.hindustantimes.com, visited on 22th Jan, 2024.
19. Tarkunde V.M. (1995) ‘Secularism and the Indian Constitution’ India International Centre, Quarterly, 22(1): 147.
20. Singh, Gurmukh Nihal.(1952) Land Marks in Indian Constitutional and National Development, Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi, p.175.

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किसी भी राष्ट्र की समृद्धि एवं संस्कृति को मापने का सबसे सशक्त माध्यम उस राष्ट्र में ‘‘महिलाओं की स्थिति’’को माना जाता है। उस राष्ट्र या समाज के द्वारा महिलाओं के प्रति निर्धारित दृष्टिकोण उसका सबसे सशक्त आधार होता है। यही कारण है कि प्राचीन काल से लेकर आज तक महिलाओं की दशा में उŸारोŸार नित नए परिवर्तन दिखाई देते रहे हैं- बात चाहे विश्व की हो, भारत की हो या फिर अन्य किसी देश की या फिर भारत स्थित छŸाीसगढ़ प्रांत की, उस पर भी यह बात अक्षरशः लागू होती है। छŸाीसगढ़ की नारी की समाज में स्थिति लगभग वैसी ही रही है, जैसी कि भारत के किसी अन्य क्षेत्र के समाज में रही अर्थात् छŸाीसगढ़ी महिलाओं की समस्याएँ भी कमोवेश वैसी ही है, जैसी कि भारत के अन्य किसी भी महिला समाज की। कहने का तात्पर्य यह है कि हमेशा से ही गरीबी, महिला उत्पीड़न एवं हिंसा अशिक्षा, रूढ़िवादिता तथा अंधविश्वास अन्य की भांति छŸाीसगढ़ में भी विद्यमान रहे हैं, लेकिन कन्याभ्रूण हत्या मामले में छ.ग. भारत के अन्य राज्यों से पीछे है। छŸाीसगढ़ में स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व एवं पश्चात् महिला उत्थान के अनेक प्रयास हुए हैं। सभी महिला समाज सुधारकों द्वारा स्त्री शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देने पर जोर दिया गया, ताकि महिलाओं को समाज में बराबरी का दर्जा मिल सके। डॉ. राधाबाई, मिनीमाता (मीनाक्षी देवी), रानी पद्मावती देवी, राज मोहिनी देवी, सरस्वती दुबे, कु. नाज खान, शमशाद् बेगम आदि महान नारियों ने छ.ग. में नारी उत्थान के भर सक प्रयत्न किए हैं।

 

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समाज, छत्ताीसगढ़, महिला, स्थिति, सेवा.

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  1. भूषण, केयूर (2002) छत्तीसगढ़ के नारी रत्न, जनचेतना प्रकाशन ,रायपुर, पृ. 50- 60।

2. सिंह, पंकज (2013), छत्तीसगढ़ समग्र, नवबोध प्रकाशन, रायपुर, पृ. 201।
3. परिहार, कामतीसिंह (2015), छत्तीसगढ़ में महिलाओं की दशा-एक ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण, अप्रकाशित शोध प्रबंध, पं. रविशंकर शुक्ल वि.वि.,रायपुर (छ.ग.), पृ. 100-350।
4. त्रिपाठी, संजय एवं चंदन (2009), छत्तीसगढ़ वृहद संदर्भ, उपकार प्रकाशन, आगरा, पृ. 464-468।
5. पाल, आभा रूपेंद्र (01 अक्टूबर, 2018), छत्तीसगढ़ में गाँधीवादी आंदोलन और महिलाएं, शोध लेख, https://www.sahapedia.org, Assess on 18 January & 02 February 2024
6. जाँगड़े, विनोद कुमार (2024) छत्तीसगढ़ में समाज सुधार आंदोलन- एक ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण (1900-1950), अप्रकाशित शोध प्रबंध, पं. रविशंकर शुक्ल वि.वि., रायपुर (छ.ग.), पृ. 180-250।
7. परिहार, कामती सिंह, पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 100।
8. कुमार, स्वराज, (8 मार्च, 2011), महिला शक्ति को छत्तीसगढ़ ने पहचाना, नईदुनिया, रायपुर, पृ. 2।
9. बौद्ध, अर्चना (2024), इतिहास विषय का अप्रकाशित शोध प्रबंध, छत्तीसगढ़ की सामाजिक क्षेत्र की महिलाएँ- अध्याय VII, पृ. 166।
10. पाल, आभा रूपेंद, पूवोक्त, पृ. 3। 
11. वही।
12. बौद्ध, अर्चना पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 168।
13. जाँगड़े, विनोद कुमार पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 234।
14. en.m.wikipedia.org, मिनीमाता अगमदासगुरू, Assess on 02/02/2024.
15. संजू, पूनम, (मार्च, 2021), छत्तीसगढ़ की महिला शक्ति, गोड़वाना स्वदेश, रायपुर, अंक-1 पृ 18। 
16. परिहार, कामती सिंह पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 206।
17. संजू, पूनम पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 18। 
18. परिहार, कामती सिंह पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 207।
19. कुम्भकार, लक्ष्मीनारायण (मार्च, 2021), मूल निवासी महिलाओं के शौर्य को विश्व महिला दिवस पर नमन, गांेडवाना स्वदेश, पृ. 12-13।
20. en.m.wikipedia.org, राजमोहिनी देवी Assess on 24/02/2024.
21. Jivani.org, राजमोहिनी देवी की जीवनी Assess on 28/02/2024.
22. सिंह, पंकज पूर्वोक्त, पृ. 210।
23. naidunia.com, ( 01|03|2021) Nai Dunia News Network-पाठ्य पुस्तक में शामिल है पद्मश्री राजमोहिनी की जीवनी Assess on 28/02/2024.
24. वही।
25. भगत, ए. (04/11/2023) मध्यप्रांत में जनजातीय समाज सुधारक-राजमोहिनी देवी, एजी पीई रॉयल गोड़वाना रिसर्च जर्नल ऑफ हिस्ट्री, साइंस, इकोनॉमिक, पॉलिटिकल एंड सोशल साइंस, 4(4), 34-36. 
26. naidunia.com, पूर्वोक्त, Assess on 28/02/2024.
27. http://ignca.gov.in>chgr0010, पद्मावतीदेवी(Indira Gandhi National Centre for theArts) Assess on 01/03/2024.

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In a country like ours, where three-fourths of its total population lives in villages, the all-round development of rural areas acquires a significant importance. In the Indian context Rural Development can be defined as “integrated development of the area and the people through optimum development and utilization (and conservation where necessary) of local resources-physical, biological and human-and by bringing about necessary institutional structural and attitudinal changes by delivering a package of services to encompass not only the economic field i.e., agriculture allied activities rural Indus-tries but also establishment of required social infrastructure and services in the area of health and nutrition sanitation housing, drinking water and literacy, with the ultimate objective of improving quality of life of  rural poor and the rural weak. Thus rural development refers to the process of  improving living conditions providing minimum needs increasing productivity and employment opportunities and developing potentials of rural resources through integration of spatial functional and temporal aspects. In view of stupendous task involved in the process of rural development, Government industries, voluntary, agencies, institutions, banks, Christian missionaries, business houses, trade unions etc. are increasingly getting involved in various developmental endeavors in rural areas. In this context the role of voluntary agencies assumes crucial importance and of late they have acquired greater significance than before.

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Voluntary agencies, Anti-Poverty Schemes, Rural Development, Economic Regeneration.

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  1. Chowdhary, D. Paul (1985) Profile of Social Welfare and Development in India, New Delhi, M.N. Publishers & Distributors, p. 190. 3. 

2. Dasgupta,  Sugata (1972) “Voluntary Organisations in Rural Development”, Voluntary Action, p. 6-14. Vol. 14(1), January-February 1972,
3. Fatel, A.R. (1985) “RD: A Challenging Task for Voluntary Agencies” Kurukshetra, Vol. 34(1), New Delhi, October 1985, p. 24-8. 
4. First Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, Government of India, p. 607, cited in N.V. Lalitha and Madhu Kohli, Status of Volun- tary Effort in Social Welfare, New Delhi, National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development, 1982, p. 15-16. A
5. Krishnamurthi, V. (Year) “Voluntary Action in Rural Development: Survey”, Kurukshetra, op.cit., p. 33-6. 5.
6. Rarrachandran, S. (1986) “PADI and Voluntary Organisations”, Kurukshetra, op.cit., p. 39-40 and 44.
7. Reddy, G. Narayana (1987) “Human Resources Development for Vcluntary Action”, Khadigramodyog, Vol. 33(8), May 1987, p. 331-5.
8. Seventh Five Year Plan, 1985-90, Vol. II, New Delhi, Government of India, Planning Commission, October 1985, p. 68.
9. Shah, Ghanshyam and Chaturvedi, H.R. (1983) Gandhian Approach to Rural Development, New Delhi, Ajanta Publications, p. 7-8. 13. 
10. Singh, J.B. (1984) “Testing Voluntary Agencies—Let’s First Understand Them”, Yojana, Vol. 28 (20 & 21), November 1984, p. 45-7. 7. 
11. Viswanathan, K. (1984) “The Role of FADI in Developmental Work”, Kurukshetra, op.cit., pp. 41-44.

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भारत स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के अमृत महोत्सव वर्ष के भीतर हमारे गणतंत्र ने वास्तविक संघीय स्वरूप ग्रहण कर लिया है। समसामयिक परिस्थितियों के मुद्दे नजर यह कहा जा सकता है कि भारत में गठबंधन राजनीति के सबल होने से देश की संघीय व्यवस्था में विद्यमान कुरीतियाँ अब कम होने लगी है। केन्द्र सरकार के वर्चस्व वादी रवैये पर न सिर्फ अंकुश लगा है बल्कि केन्द्र सरकार के अहम निर्णयों और नीतिगत फैसलों में राज्य सरकारों की भागीदारी अनिवार्य रूप से बढ़ी है। अब क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्व भी केन्द्र सरकार की दिशा-दशा तय करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाने लगे हैं। इसका परिणाम यह हुआ है कि केन्द्र तथा राज्य सरकार एक-दूसरे का प्रतिद्वन्दी न होकर एक-दूसरे के पूरक हो गये हैं। केन्द्र-राज्य संबंधों के मध्य चिरकाल से चले आ रहे बाधक तत्व जैसे राज्यपाल के पद अनुच्छेद 356 अखिल भारतीय सेवाएँ जैसे मुद्दे अब या तो नेपथ्य में चले गये हैं या उनकी अब कोई प्रासंगिकता ही नहीं रह गयी है। हालांकि गठबंधन राजनीति को मर्यादा से अधिक आगे ले जाने का कुछ दलों का हठी प्रयास कई बार केन्द्रीय सरकार की न्यूनतम एवं अनिवार्य विषयों पर निर्णय लेने की क्षमता को भी कुन्द कर देता है। इस प्रकार एक ऐसी अनिर्णय की स्थिति केन्द्रीय स्तर पर उत्पन्न होती है जो किसी भी स्थिति में देश के सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास एवं राजनीतिक कुटनीतियों के संचालन के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं मानी जा सकती है। इस प्रकार की कुछ विकृतियों के बावजूद भारतीय संघवाद लगातार एक के बाद दूसरी सफलता की ओर अग्रसर है। इसका प्रमुख कारण यह है कि हमारे यहाँ संघवाद केवल केन्द्र तथा राज्य स्तर पर शक्तियों का विभाजन ही नहीं, अपितु बहुलवादी समाज की राष्ट्रीय जीवन पद्धति भी है। इसका स्वरूप बहुलवादी है प्रवृत्ति समायोजन वादी है।

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संघवाद, गठबंधन सरकार, भारतीय संविधान, बहुलवादी समाज, राष्ट्रीय दल, न्यायिक समीक्षा.

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  1. Kothari, Rajni  (1964) The Congress System in India, Asian Survey, Vol- 4, No. 12, December, p.1161-1173.

2. मुरारी,  कृष्णा (2012) ‘‘संसदीय लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था का संघीयकरण’’ लोकप्रशासन, जुलाई-दिसम्बर, वर्ष 4, अंक 2, पृ. 410।
3. Singh, M.P. and Saxena, Rekha (2008) Indian Politics: Contemporary Issues and Concerns, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India, p. 139.
4. सिंह, एम.पी. (2006) ‘संसदीय संघवादी व्यवस्था में संघात्मकता का बढ़ता प्रभाव’, समयांतर, फरवरी, वर्ष 37, अंक 5, पृ. 71। 
5. सिंह, एम. पी. (2012) ‘‘भारतीय शासन पद्धति में संघात्मकता का दौर’’, लोक प्रशासन, जुलाई-दिसम्बर, वर्ष 4, अंक 2, पृ. 152, 157।
6. Where, K. C. (1964) Federal Government, New York: Oxford University Press, Fourth Edition.
7. Verney, Douglas V. (2003) “From quasi-federation to quasi-confederacy? The transformation of India’s Party System”, The Journal of Federation, Vol. 33, No. 4, Fall, pp. 153&71.

APRIL TO JUNE
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This article explores the intricate relationship between education, Indian culture, and philosophy, focusing on their intersection and impact on the holistic development of individuals and society. Beginning with an overview of education in ancient India it highlights the Gurukul system’s holistic approach to learning and character formation. The influence of Indian culture on education is examined emphasizing the integration of physical mental emotional and spiritual dimensions.Indian philosophy forms the basis of education directing both educators and students toward self-discovery and enlightenment.Values and ethics play a central role in education instilling virtues such as honesty integrity and compassion in students. Teachers are revered as mentors and guides inspiring students to reach their full potential. Cultural integration in the curriculum fosters a sense of pride and appreciation for India’s cultural diversity. Pedagogical practices are influenced by Indian philosophy emphasizing experiential learning and critical thinking.Despite current challenges like unequal education access and outdated curricula, there are many opportunities for innovation and reform. Initiatives such as inclusive and values-based education are transforming the educational landscape aligning it with Indian cultural and philosophical principles. In conclusion education in India is ingrained in its cultural heritage and philosophical traditions with the potential to foster wisdom compassion and social responsibility in individuals and society.

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Integration, Education, Spirtitual, Indian Cutlure, Philasophy, Heritage.

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  1. Avinashalingam, TS. (1974) Educational philosophy of Swami Vivekananda, 3rd ed., Coimbatore, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya. p. 45, 47-48.

2. Bhargava, R. (1998) What is Secularism for? [in:] Secularism and its Critic, Bhargava, Rajeev (ed.), Oxford University Press, New Delhi. p. 132-135.
3. Bhargava, R. (2005) Civil Society. Public Sphere and Citizenship, Sage Publications, New Delhi. p. 98-102.
4. Bhattacharyya, H. (2005) Federalism and Regionalism in India: Institutional Strategies and Political Accommodation of Identities, Working Paper No. 27, South Asia Institute, Dept. of Political Science, University of Heidelberg. p. 44.
5. Brass, P. (1974) Language, Religion and Politics in North India, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi. p. 55.
6. Chandra, S. S., R. Sharma, Rejendra K (2002) “Philosophy of Education.” New Delhi, Allantic publishers. p. 104-106.
7. Chakraborty, A. K.(2003). Principles and Practices of Education. Lal Book Depot, Meerut,      p. 20-22.
8. Gupta, S. (2005). Education in Emerging India. Teachers role in Society, Shipra Publication, New Delhi. p. 79.
9. Chandra, B. (1987) Communalism in Modern India, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, p. 35-36.
10. Dasgupta, SN. (1988) A History of Indian Philosophy, Motilala Banarasi Das, Delhi, p. 16-17.
11. Datta, D. (2018). Connecting cultures: rethinking Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘ideals of education’. Social Identities, 24(3), 412-423
12. Dasgupta, S.N., (1988), A History of Indian Philosophy, Motilala Banarasi Das, Delhi, p. 56--59.
13. Dhar, S., (1975), A comprehensive biography of Swami Vivekananda, vol 2, Vivekananda Prakashan Kendra, Madras 2, p. 79.
14. Dutta, B.N., (1954), Vivekananda. Patriot-Prophet, Nababharat Publishers, Calcutta, p. 21-22, 92-93.
15. Goswami, S. (2014) Spiritual Dimensions of Indian Culture.Global Journal of Human Social Science. Global Journals Inc., USA. 14(1), p. 29-30.
16. Goswami, S. (2014) Michel Foucault: Structures of Truth and Power. European Journal of Philosophical Research. 1(1), p. 57-58.
17. Miller, D. (1995) On Nationality, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 12-16.
18. Radhakrishnan, S. (1988) Indian Philosophy, OUP, Delhi, p. 156.
19. Sheth, DL. (1999) The Nations State and Minority Rights, [in:] Minority Identities and the Nation State, Sheth D.L., Mahajan G. (ed.), Oxford University Press, New Delhi. p. 6-7.

Publishing Year : 2023

Publishing Year : 2022