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Most of the rights that man is enjoying at present, most of them are received by nature from birth, which man has been enjoying since the dawn of his civilization in customs, traditions and any other forms, such as living, To obtain nourishment and protection, to move, to express speech, to enjoy the gifts of nature, etc. The state and society have made these rights more sophisticated and comprehensive by providing recognition and protection from time to time. The famous political liberal thinker John Locke is of the opinion that "what the state cannot take away, in the same way, Ciceros, Voltaire, Tomspan, Blackstone have also supported the view that human rights are given by nature." Despite the natural order and recognition of human rights, inhuman atrocities were committed on human beings by taking away the rights of human beings by autocratic monarchies. This was the era, when human beings were forced to inhuman torture and live a life of oppression, exploitation, injustice, tyranny, oppression, for the slightest crimes, regardless of these natural provided human rights. Fighting against these autocratic and tyrannical regimes, human beings have been scrambling in the past to protect their natural and human rights and to make them aware of their statehood.

Human rights, civil, upliftment, development, duty, international.

1. Vedic Vedapratap, Indian Foreign Policy - New Direction, 1980 p.- 123 Dinaman 27-September, 3-October, 1981 p. 31 2. Friedrich CJ, Caste Tuition Government and Patriarchs Hopper - 1937 p.-12-14 3. Written by Prachi Shastri - Role of Small and Smallest National States in the United Nations - Based on a Criticism, 1967 p. 8, 9 4. Elmer Plischke, Microstates in World-Affairs-Policy Problems and Options 'Washington DC' 1967 p. 38 5. Mahendra Kumar, Theoretical Side of International Politics, Agra 1977, p. 215 6. Das Bhagwan, Current Affairs, Competition Darpan December- 1997 p- 66 7. Declaration of Human Rights declared and accepted by Resolution No. 217A (II) dated December 10, 1948. 8. Report of the Commissions on Human Rights: (a) National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 1990 (b) Mandal Commission Report of the Supreme Court of November 16, 1993 (c) National Commission for Backward Classes- 1992 9. Report of the International League for Human Rights -1962 10. Report of the International Commission for Purists -1952 11. Amnesty International Report -192 12. Report of the Working Group of the Commission for Human Rights.

Importance of plantation in environmental balance India is home to 18 percent of the world's population and 15 percent of livestock and its geographical area is only 2 percent, under which 1 percent forest area and 0.5 percent grassland is there. According to this, 0.08 hectares of forest area is available for every Indian citizen, as against the world average of 0.8 hectares. It is clear from these figures that the Indian forests have come under extreme pressure, on the other hand, the increasing use of groundwater-exploitation for agriculture is continuously decreasing the water level in India (1 to 3 meters below per year). 74 percent of India's population lives in rural areas, where firewood is the cheapest and easily available fuel, especially the only accessible energy source for 40 percent of the below poverty line citizens, hence the expansion of forests and watershed management in India. It is necessary to give priority to skill programs on a war footing, so that along with the protection of biodiversity, important processes like soil conservation, adequate clean water availability, fuel augmentation, environmental pollution control etc. In an ideal situation, it is considered necessary to have forests in 33 percent of an area, but in view of the present inconsistent expansion of Indian forests and the imaginable level of forests in many regions, this limit will have to be made 50 percent, especially in those regions. Where their expansion has been much less than usual.

Environmental, geographical, forest, conservation, pollution, plantation.

1. Forest Survey of India, Dehadoon 2020 2. Votanical Research Institute Lucknow and Shibpur (Kolkata), 3. Rio Earth Conference on Environment - 1992 4. Kumar Pradeep, The Uttarakhand Movement: Construction on a Regional Identity - Kanishk Publishers, New Delhi 2000.

Political parties across the globe are using traditional mediums of advertising such as television advertisement, FM radio, newspaper advertisement, billboards advertising and more. In the era of digitalization with mobile and internet, the total number of active internet users in India is around 622 million (62 Crores) by June 2021, said a report by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI). In the age of the Internet, popular social network sites are assumed to have the potential for increasing political participation. The Internet helps to spread information with minimum costs and this information reaches a very high number of individuals. This is an analytical study between social media (Twitter) usage pattern of INC Chhattisgarh and BJP Chhattisgarh. The main objective of this study is to examine the political communication usage patterns on social networking site Twitter. The study is a systematic analysis and method of the study is quantitative and qualitative. For this purpose, content analysis takes to consideration and data collection is based on observation.

New Media, Political Communication, Social Networking Sites, Media Usage Pattern, Twitter.

1. Ahmad, AN (2010) Is twitter a useful tool for journalists? Journal of Media Practice 11, 145?155. 2. Barbera, P (2015) Birds of the same feather tweet together: Bayesian ideal point estimation using twitter data. Political Analysis 23, 76?91. 3. Bode, L (2016) Political news in the news feed: learning politics from social media. Mass Communication and Society 19, 24?48. 4. Broersma, M and Graham, T (2013) Twitter as a news source. Journalism Practice 7, 446?464. 5. Kuthila, B.K. (2010). Content analysis method-An introduction, Media Mimansa, Bhopal: India 6. Kothari, C.R. and Garg, G (2016), Content Analysis, Data Collection, ResearchMethodology(Methods and Techniques), NewDelhi: India 7. https://twitter.com/INCChhattisgarh 8. https://twitter.com/BJP4CGState 9. Active internet users in India likely to reach 900 mn by 2025: IAMAIhttps://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/active-internet-users-in-india-likely-to-reach-900-mn-by-2025-iamai-121060300710_1.html#:~:text=The% 20Morning%20Show-,Active%20internet%20users%20in%20India%20likely, 900%20mn%20by%202025%3A%20IAMAI&text=The%20number%20of% 20active%20internet,report %20released%20on%20Thursday%20said. 10. How political parties are using digital media for election campaigns in Chhattisgarhhttps://www.bluebanyan.co.in/blog/digital-campaigns-chhattisgarh-elections-2018.php

There is also many such evidence that women have shown disorderly by misusing their freedom. The cruelty of 'Queen Mary' earned her infamous name in history as 'Khooni Meri'. The Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi for two years is a blot on her successful personality and golden reign till date. Today, many actresses of the film industry think that by performing part they can become more popular among the audience and therefore they perform part by crossing social and cultural norms. In the field of modeling, the situation is even worse. Such disorderly behavior can be clearly seen in most of the programs and magazines related to film and modeling. Such disorderliness in women is also found in ordinary homes. Girls from middle class families dream high and are ready to do anything to make them come true. A few days ago, two girls took off their clothes without any hesitation on the busy street of Mumbai for only fifteen hundred rupees and a little popularity. This incident is in fact a big question mark on the utility of women's freedom and also the culmination of disorder.

Empowerment, disorderly, women, cultural, women's freedom, male dominated.

1. Natani PN, 2000, Social Problems in India, Pointer Publishers Jaipur. 2. Pandav Keshav, 1997, Rural Development and Gandhi Philosophy in Post-Western India, Mittal Publications, New Delhi. 3. Bohra Asha, Bharatiya Nari-Dasha Disha, National Publishing House, New Delhi. 4. Agarwal JC, Women's Education in India, Prabhat Publications, New Delhi. 5. Sharma Pragya, 2001, Women's Development and Empowerment, Pointer Pub., Jaipur. 6. Upadhyay Ramesh, 1996, Our Social and Cultural Concerns, Radha Publishers, New Delhi. 7. Tiwari RP, 1999, Indian Woman: Current Problems and Solutions, A.P.H., New Delhi.

Sarvodaya means the rise of all. Sarvodaya ideas and words are not new to Indian culture. All of us are trying to bring this idea here again in front of everyone. For thousands of years, the visionaries have been giving the message of (Sarve Bhavantu Sukhvin) in their speech. Sarvabhut Hitteratah of Gita also means Sarvodaya. Thus the idea of ??Sarvodaya has always existed in Indian culture, but systematically and methodically, the work of giving it the form of a modern ideology was done by Mahatma Gandhi, the chief of the 20th century. Gandhi first used the term to express the essence of Ruskin's book (Nandjav jeepe sangej), which was translated by Gandhi into the Gujarati language under the title Sarvodaya. Three ideas were mainly emphasized in this book. In everyone's interest lies the interest of the individual, the work of a barber is also as important as the work of a lawyer, because all persons have the right to earn their own livelihood from their work and the life of a worker is the only life worth living. . After the death of Gandhi, his associates and supporters established an organization named according to Vinoba Bhave (Sarvodaya Samaj) and thus the word Sarvodaya became popular. After Gandhi, Vinoba became the forerunner of Sarvodaya ideology and he kept this word alive in the people for many years. Its success established the society and started many movements like Bhoodan Andolan, Gramdan and Property Movement and Property Movement etc. Sarvodaya was a dream of Vinoba, he wanted to take Sarvodaya higher than the sky with these measures, so that everyone could rise. If the word Sarvodaya had not come, then after attaining Swarajya, all the goals would have become devoid. The word Sarvodaya expresses the exact philosophy of what the goal should be. The major work of Sarvodaya inspires in our personal and social life. The work of Swarajya is also done under the word Savodaya. The first step of Sarvodaya was to liberate the country, then after that there was the rise of all. The concept of Sarvodaya is also found in our ancient texts. He used to keep humans as well as animals in happiness. Sarvodaya teaches human beings to behave with love, where human beings do not attack other human beings, where everyone is cared for, where there is no high or low sense, there will be hardly any such country in the world. Sarvodaya has some goals in the social sectors as well as in the economic sector, due to machines, economic inequality has increased even more. Some people get wealth in their hands, then some people do not get work, if we keep the goal of Sarvodaya Vigyan in front, then these problems can be eradicated. The main task of Sarvodaya Samaj is to emancipate the concern of the subjects on the strength of social organization, it also gives importance on quality development. To make the society classless, and along with science, the power and means should be improved so that the unemployment of labor is eradicated. Sarvodaya Samaj would be a Sarvodayi society and there was absence of exploitation in the cooperative economy. The interests of women agricultural laborers will take the form of an ideology separately but together, it pays special attention to the country's culture and politics. The distance between the city and the countryside is small, this is also its quality.

Sarvodaya, economic wonder, society, women, ancient texts, freedom, ideology.

1. Vinoba, 1952 Sarvodaya Vichar, Cheap Literature First Mention Vinoba, 1952, page no. 15-21, Second Mention Mandal Publications Vinoba 1952, p 89. 2. Awasthi Anand Prakash, Political Thinker, First Mention, Agra Navrang Offset Printers, page 301, 315. 3. Sarvodaya Yojana Organized by Sarvodaya Yojana Committee: First Mentioned Committee Sarvodaya Yojana, 1953 New Delhi, Page 4, Sasta Sahitya Mandal. 4. Patel Jhaver Bhai, 1964, Characteristics of Sarvodaya Samaj, Delhi: Village Planning - 49 Publications, p. 4. 5. Mishra Ravindra N, Agricultural Transformation and Land Reforms Mishra, (State Politics of India) Ghaziabad Nuprint India, p 97. 6. Delhi speech 24 June 1949, page no. 72-85, Vinoba: Sarvodaya Vigyan. 7. Sarvodaya Vichar, Vinoba, p. 14. 8. Gandhi MK, Sarvodaya, p. 3. 9. A.P. Awasthi, Political Thinker, p 304. 10. Dharmadhikari Dada, Sarvodaya Darshan, pp. 6-7. 11. Sharma Brajmohan, Sarvodaya Why and How, p. 7, 54. 12. Jhaverbhai Patel, 1964, Characteristics of Sarvodaya Samaj, p. 32. 13. Vinoba, Shramdaan Quiz. 14. Sarvodaya Prasharni, Gandhinagar (Jaipur) 14 December 1948, p. 17. 15. Vinoba, 1952 Sarvodaya Vichar, p. 19. 16. Narayan Jai Prakash, A Picture of Sarvodaya Social Order, p 43. 17. Narayan Jai Prakash, Modern Application of Revolution. 18. Bhave Vinoba, Swarajya Shastra, pp. 43-47. 19. Sarvodaya Combination, p. 93 (Sarvasangh Seva Publications). 20. Vinoba, Lokniti, p. 121.

The hymns of the Kamayani epic of Jaishankar Prasad have sprouted by breaking the practical hard shell of the real land of life. Anxious, anxious, dejected and Kalaivya develop from the mental plane, take a bath in the light of hope and cross the easy steps of life and end up in the rasa of joy. These hymns, explaining the essence of the best life religions of devotion, renunciation, patience etc., provide the human mind with invaluable psychology of life's effort. This life is not a dream, it is the color of our actions. Kama is auspicious, it is the source of creation. Man should enhance the beauty of the universe by his actions. These verses play the role of a positive guide, revealing the practical secrets of the integrated life ideal of man and woman. Kamayani's gnome makes the gems move towards the Anand-Sindhu, giving the bitter experience of the hot sand of the desert life. These beautiful hymns, writing the script of the multifaceted definition of the spontaneous experiences of death, karma, enjoyment, lust, struggle, nirveda, dream etc. The final deliverable of these hymns is- the effortless and everlasting achievement of the ultimate goal by getting the unbroken bliss of I in all and in all.

Kamayani, Gnome, Life-figure, Joy, Achievement, Anxiety, Hope.

1. Kamayani - 'Worry' canto - 14 2. Kamayani - 'Worry' canto - 18 3. Kamayani - 'Asha' canto - 21 4. Kamayani - 'Asha' canto - 24, 25 5. Kamayani - 'Asha' canto - 24, 25 6. Kamayani - 'Shraddha' canto - 28 7. Kamayani - 'Shraddha' canto - 29, 30 8. Narad-Bhaktisutra - 19 9. Uttarkand - 7.43 10. Kamayani - 'Shraddha' canto - 30, 31 11. Kalidas - Kumar Sambhavam.1-58. 12. Magha - Shishupalavadham. ..4:17. 13. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita - Vasansi Jirnani as Vihaya Navani Grihnati Naroparani. And sharani vihaya jirnaa nyanyani sanyati navani dehi..2.22. 14. Kamayani - 'Shraddha' canto 15. Kamayani - 'Kama' canto - 37 16. Kamayani - 'Kama' canto - 38 17. Kamayani - 'Lust' canto - 46 18. Kamayani - 'Lajja' canto-51 19. Kamayani - 'Karma' canto - 56 20. Kamayani - 'Karma' canto - 57 21. Kamayani - 'Karma' canto - 58 22. Kamayani - 'Karma' canto-60 23. Kamayani - 'Envy' canto - 68 24. Kamayani - 'Dream' canto - 89 25. Kamayani - 'Sangharsh' Canto - 92 26. Kamayani - 'Sangharsh' Canto - 94 27. Kamayani - 'Nirveda' canto-105 28. Kamayani - 'Darshan' Sarga-119 29. Kamayani - 'Mystery' canto - 134 30. Kamayani - 'Anand' canto - 140 31. 'Kamayani' - Anupam Prakashan, Patna - 800004 Edition - 2000

In this new era of powerful internet tools and technologies reaching out to potential customers has evolved exponentially. These days digital marketing has become very critical path of every type of business; small or large. Business these days has been largely affected by the increase in relevance of digital marketing in brand promotion and customer acquisition. With increase in tech-savvy nature of tourists and their capability of getting information on latest offers and best prices, the relevance of digital marketing has increased like never before. Nowadays success of a business in tourism industry is largely depends on efficiency of digital market campaign. This study aims at examining the basic determinants of digital marketing and its relevance on tourism industry.

Digital marketing, Internet marketing, Tourism, Websites, SEO, E-mail marketing, Social media.

1. Batini?, ?Role and importance of internet marketing in modern hotel industry?. Journal of Process Management ? New Technologies, International, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.34-38, 2015. 2. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R., Johnston, K. (2009). Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice. 4th Edition. Prentice Hall. 3. Judy (2003). ?E-Marketing, 3rd edition?, ND-AMA ? School of Marketing. 4. Lilien, G. L., Rangaswamy, A., De Bruyn, A. (2007). Principles of Marketing Engineering. 5. Strauss, J., Frost, R. (2009). E-Marketing. 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. Strauss

Kauri craft is a traditional folk art of Chhattisgarh, the work of this craft is done by Banjara tribe in Irikpal, village Tokapal of Bastar district. Kauri craft is prevalent in Bastar since ancient times, which is liked all over the world today. When Baiga tribals worship God wearing colorful clothes in the fair, the white cowries entwined in the cloth attract everyone's attention. In this present research paper, study of cowry craft made by Banjara tribes of Irikpal (Tokapal) area of ??Bastar district, as well as the ornamentation of cowry craft in Indian dress has been studied. Its purpose is to make people aware of the vanishing, cowry craft and to increase the popularity of cowry craft among the people by using it in clothes according to fashion.

Extinct, Kauri craft, Bastar, Banjara tribe, Bhanki Bai.

1. From blogspot.com>omsonidnt 2. From Patrika.com 3. Das. A.K. (1979); Tribal Art & Craft, Agara Kala Prakashan, New Delhi 4. Sahapedia.org 13 Dec. 2018

There are two long poems of Hindi aspiring poet Nirala, Saroj Smriti and Shakti Pooja of Ram. These two poems are two powerful compositions of Shadowism, and at the same time illustrate the whole saga from the defeat of a struggling creator to the attainment of victory through Shakti-sadhana. If it is true that more important than a composition is its composition process, then after the death of his daughter Saroj, Nirala breaks down and starts his penance again the very next year, regains his poetic power and is like Rama's Shaktipooja. By writing poems, they prove their vitality not only in the field of literature but also in the battle of life.

Lamentations, long poems, history-philosophy, composition process, sadhana, shakti.

1. Sharma Ramvilas, (2011) Introduction, Raga-Virag, Lokbharati Edition 2011, Lokbharati Prakashan, Allahabad. 2. Gupta Varsha, Saroj Smriti, mourning song Suryakant Tripathi ?Nirala? on 22nd October, 2020. 3. Nagendra, (2011) History of Hindi Literature, Dr. Gupta Ganpatichandra, Purvapithika, Forty-ninth Edition 2011, Peacock Paperbacks, Noida. 4. Sharma Ramvilas, (1979) Sahitya Sadhana-1 of Nirala, 3rd edition, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. 5. Same. 6. Prasad Gobind, (2013) Kedarnath Singh's Poems, From Images to Narratives, Creative Dialogue of Experiences, First Edition, Swaraj Prakashan, New Delhi. 7. Sharma Ramvilas, (1979) Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana-1, 3rd Edition, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. 8. Sharma Ramvilas, (2011) Introduction, Raga-Virag, Lokbharati Edition 2011, Lokbharati Prakashan, Allahabad. 9. Sharma Ramvilas, (1979) Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana-1, 3rd Edition, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. 10. Farhat Parveen, (2013) Nowadays, Pandey Vishnudutta, the nurturer of human culture was weird, February 2013, Publications Department, Soochana Bhavan, New Delhi 11. Sharma Ramvilas, (1979) Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana-1, 3rd Edition, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. 12. Same. 13. Same. 14. Same. 15. Farhat Parveen, (2013) Nowadays, Pandey Vishnudutta, the nurturer of human culture was wacky, February 2013, Publications Department, Information Building, New Delhi. 16. Sharma Ramvilas, (1979) Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana-1, 3rd Edition, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. 17. The same. 18. The same.

Marketing has emerged as an important issue in Hindi stories written in the 21st century. As a result of marketism and consumerism, there is no peace and stability in the minds, lives and families as before. There is a noise. There is a noise all around. It seems that the whole society, the whole humanity is running. Marketism has so confused man that he is bound to live a life full of dissatisfaction. Many Hindi stories of the present century analyze the tragedy and irony of marketism in great detail. In the market Ramdhan (Kailash Vanvasi), Pani / 2015 (Sushmamuninder), Quizmaster (Pankaj Mitra), Padtal (Pankaj Mitra), Control A Delete (Akanksha Pare Kashiv), four people lived in that city (Neelakshi Singh), Unit- Dahai (Mahesh Katare), Raddobadal (Manojrupada), Nude Ka Bachcha (Kshma Sharma), Andhera Samudra (Paritosh Chakraborty), Fugati Ka Juta (Manish Vaidya), Saadi Ka Mahanayak aka Kool-Kultel Ka Salesman (Pankaj Subir), Television ( Bhimsen Tyagi), grave profit (Tejendra Sharma) etc. There are important and remarkable stories written with the market at the center. Earlier the market was based on fulfilling our needs but today the market is imposing its desires on the individual by creating new needs. In the present topic, the effect of marketism and character expansion of the market has been discussed.

Twenty-first century, market, marketism.

1. Paliwal Suraj, the first decade of the 21st century and Hindi story, Vani Prakashan-New Delhi page-126. 2. Srivastava Parmananda, Tadbhav, 16 Kathadesh, May 2006, p.29 4. Hindi Consciousness, October-December 2013, page-109.

From time immemorial, the farmers of India, an agricultural country, have been relying mainly on rainfall for successful cultivation. At the same time they used to irrigate the fields by alternative means. In many areas of India, irrigation technologies actually provide the protection required for agriculture. Despite the fact that water resources are not mentioned in our historical sources, it is possible to draw conclusions about irrigation. Wells, ponds, and canals have been used for irrigation in ancient India. The technology of extracting water from all these natural means developed slowly. Agriculture was the basis of economic system in the Sultanate period. Land revenue was the major source of state revenue and reduction and increase in agricultural production had a complete impact on the land revenue collection system. The development and expansion of irrigation system in the Sultanate period had a profound effect on the pattern of agricultural production. The system of direct and indirect payment of revenue in cash by the farmers not only expanded the spread of capital on the one hand, but on the other hand made the farmers realize the usefulness of commercial crop. During the Sultanate period, due to the expansion of irrigation system, grain production increased, while production of commercial crops also expanded. Production of commercial crops expanded trade. The merchant is an important link between the producer and the consumer. They collect agricultural products in different areas and things made by artisans and artisans and sell it in one area. They traded not only finished goods, but also raw materials. In this way they played an important role in the development of the economy.

Irrigation, trade, development, agriculture, economic status.

1. Paruthi R. K., "Economic History of Sultanate India", Arjun Publishing House, 2005, pp. 0-92. 2. Moreland W. H., The Agrarian System of Muslim India, Cambridge, 1929, p.18. 3. Habib Irfan, "Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate in Essay in Interpretation", Indian History Review, 1978, pp. 296. 4. Ibid., Pp. 297-298. 5. Moreland W. H., The Agrarian System of Muslim India, Cambridge, 1929, p. 33. 6. Same page-34. 7. Habib Irfan, "Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate an Essay in Interpretation", Indian History Review, 1978, p. 296 8 Moreland W. H., The Agrarian System of Muslim India, Cambridge, 1929, p. 9. Habib Irfan, "Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate in Essay in Interpretation", Indian History Review, 1978, pp. 296. 10. Ibid., Pp. 296. 11. Dharma Kumar & Chaidhary Tapan Rai, The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1200-1750, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 62. 12. Ibid., Pp. 54. 13. Same pp. 62. Habib Irfan, "Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate an Essay in Interpretation", Indian History Review, 1978, pp. 288, 15. Dharma Kumar and Chaidhary Tapan Rai, "The Cambridge Economic History of India", 1200-1750, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 57. 16. Khanna Kailash, "History of Medieval India", Arnun Publishing House, New Delhi, pp. 152-153. 17. Moreland W. H., "The Agrarian System of Muslim India", Cambridge, 1929, p.40. 18. Saxena RK, "Sultanate Government System", Panchsheel Prakashan, Jaipur, 1989, pp. 133. 19. Batuta Ibn, Rihla, Anu, Menhdi Hussain Oriental, Institute Publishers, 1976, p. 153-7. 20. Dharma Kumar and Chaidhary Tapan Rai, "The Cambridge Economic History of India", 1200-1750, Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 64-45. 21. Siddiqui Iqtidar Hussain, "Water Work and Irrigation System in India Doing Pre-Mughal Times", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, - 22. Srivastava Hari Shankar, "Medieval Indian Historiography" (1200-1445), Vani Prakashan, 1997 pp. 158 Rizvi Syed Athar Abbas, "Tughlaq Kalin Bharat", Part-1, Rajkamal Prakashan, Allahabad, 2008, p.27. 24. Siddiqui Iqtidar Hussain, "Water Work and Irrigation System in India Doing Pre-Mughal Times", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, - Gpgg Pg-75. 25. Ibid., Pp. 75. 26. Ibid., Pp. 75. 27. Jeweler R. C., "Feroze Tughlaq (1351-1388 AD)", Shivlal Agarwal & Company Publishers, Agra 1968, p.104 28. Saxena R. K., "Sultanate Period of Government", Panchsheel Prakashan, Jaipur, 1989, p. 136. 29. Ibid., Pp. 137. 30. Ibid., Pp. 137. 31. Rizvi Syed Athar Abbas, "Tughlaq Kalin Bharat", Part-1, Rajkamal Prakashan, Allahabad, 2008, Page 28. 32. Saxena RK, "Sultanate Government System", Panchsheel Prakashan, Jaipur, 1989, p. 137. 33. Paruthi RK, "Economic History of Sultanate India", Arjun Publishing House, 2005, pp. 93. 34. Ibid., Pp. 90-93. 35. Gupta Manik Lal, "History of Medieval India", Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2002, pp. 100-100.

In today's era, "modernity" can be used in two senses, according to the first-time, contemporary according to the second-sense. Contemporary We can generally consider an object the idea of ??fashion as modern in relation to its ancient surroundings. But if we study logically, we find that our attitude keeps changing in the determination of modernity.

Attitude, mass communication, mass communication, text, concomitant actions, means.

1. Sukhia and Mehrotra, Fundamentals of Educational Research, Publisher Vinod Pustak Mandir. 2. Verma Preeti, Modern Experimental Psychology. 3. Gupta M., Sharma D., Social Change in India. 4. Bhargava Mahesh, Bhargava Har Prasad, Modern Psychology of Testing and Measurement, (Pt ed.).

The per capita income of some the agricultural labours are very low out of 100 of households and 456 individual there are 351 are poor. It seems to be more as it accounts for 76.97 per cent. Though the poor in study are more it severity of poverty not at the severe condition. The depth and severity are 0.011 and 0.003 respectively.

Downtrodden Communities, Agriculture labour, Poverty.

1. 736 million people around the world live in extreme poverty in 2015?By blog. Worldbank.org 2. End poverty.org 3. Idbi 4. Sundharam, Ruddar Datt, (2009) ?Indian Economy? p.363 5. ILO?s pioneering work in the mid-1970?s 6. Search ilo.org 7. Poverty of India statistics 2021 8. The Times of India, oct.7, 2021 9. Idbi 10. Idbi 11. Deb Surit, ?Income and poverty in India, Social inequality across states? journal.sagepub.com 12. Satapathy Swastika S, Jaiswal Krishna K (2018) ?A Study on poverty Estimation and current state of poverty ?International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and management, vol.3,Issue.6, June 2018

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Judicial overreach of India traces its origin to the basic structure doctrine. No other country has it, but the judiciary created the basic structure of doctrine to save the Constitution because the judiciary had declared a particular part as the basic structure of the Constitution, the Parliament have amended that also. The reason of our Constitution is safe because of the basic structure.

Basic structure Doctrine, Constitution, Article 13, Article 368.

1. Basu, D.D., (2013), ?Introduction to the Constitution of India?, LexisNexis Publication, pp. 49. 2. Kapoor, A.C. and Mishra K.K., (2006), ?Select Constitutions?, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, part II, pp. 258. 3. Laxmikanth, M., (2020), ?Indian Polity?, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, Chennai, pp. 11.2. 4. Nelson, B.R., (2016), ?Western Political Thoughts?, Pearson Education Inc. Second Edition, pp. 35.

The paper emphasizes on how the outcome of racism and colonialism distort and change the very identify of Asian African migrated during the colonial time of British or The Americans. The paper will endeavour to examine the ethnic identity and racism caused to the protagonist due to cultural dislocation. Racial discrimination and differences are so irregular and cruel that they snatch away the individual existence of an immigrant. Due to Colonial authority implant the seeds of racism as anti-Semitism. The cultural and racial tensions mark the life of the setter community in Africa as depicted in No New Land. The Nurdin ?s family shows double immigrants from Asia to Africa to Canada. They fought for their ethnic identity in whole novel. The conundrum of social bond in the novel as a matter of unreliability and anxiety which explores the problem of nationality, location, identity, and historical memory. We find a lot of racial discrimination and multiculturalism in Vassanji?s No New Land.

Infotainment, Racial Discrimination, Double Immigrant, Psyche of rootless immigrants, Multicultural mosaic, Diaspora.

1. No New Land (1991), ISBN 0-7710-8722-5. 2. Mohapatra, Ashok, ?The Paradox of Return, Origins, Home and Identity in M.G. Vassanji?s, The Gunny Sack?, Post Colonial Tent Z, No. 4 (2006), p. 1-21. 3. Schwartz, Zane, ?M.G. Vassanji Delivers a Dystopian Story?, Maclean?s October 1, 2016.

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Visualization on a product that is useful in daily life is an art that has intelligence or utility. Art is concerned with the fulfillment of the material needs of man in the production of useful goods. There is external beauty in this. Related to the skills and methods of practical arts subjects such as useful art-making and craftsmanship. In contrast to fine art, it is known by the second word 'applied art'. We can also call them practical arts, useful arts or decorative arts. There is no such art of life which cannot come under craft. All types of arts come under the art of crafts. In modern times, these words have been studied and discussed in detail and are used in the meaning. Useful art is also considered as a special art of beauty.

Useful arts, practical arts, craftsmanship, material necessity, object making, visual arts, handicrafts.

1. Agarwal, Prithvi Kumar, Ancient Indian Art and Objects. 2. Gupta Meenakshi, Indian textile. 3. Mishra Mamta, Textile in Ancient India. 4. Mathur Kamlesh, Diverse Dimensions of Handicraft Art. 5. Handicrafts and Textile Industry in India, Scheme, April 2019, ISSN 0971-8397.

This research paper focuses upon the understanding of the world of creative writing and picturization. William Shakespeare, a universally acclaimed author used his versatility to portray the traits of the characters in the light of the beliefs that were popular in those times, making his plays widely accepted across the world. The eternal style of creative writing that Shakespeare is known for has attracted the present world so much that filmmakers adapt his works on the celluloid. Vishal Bhardwaj directorial, ?Maqbool?, was made on the theme of the play Macbeth. This research is to bring forth the differences between the characteristics of the characters as per the time, situation, environment and beliefs. At the same time, it seeks to analyze how these variations do not alter the central theme of the original masterpiece and instead presents a new take on with the cinematic liberties. Irrespective of the minute changes that have been made to decorate the environment, the essence of the plot capturing the themes of ambition, guilt, and other imagenry has been made perfectly effective leaving the similar impact upon the viewer as it was made through writing the play.

Comparative Analysis, Adaptation, Comparing Literature, Contrasting Characters, Macbeth and Maqbool.

1. Bhardwaj,?Vishal, and?Abbas?Tyrewala.?Maqbool: The Original Screenplay with English Translation.?India:?Harper Collins,?2014. Print. 2. Bradley,?A.C.?Shakespearean Tragedy.?New Delhi:?Atlantic,?2010. Print. 3. Jain, M.(2004, June). Maqbool: Shakespeare has not got too lost in translation here. The Magazine: Outlook.http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/maqbool/222895. Accessed Nov 5, 2021. 4. Javed, Fatima. ?Shakespeare?s Macbeth and Vishal Bhardwaj?s Maqbool: A Comparative Analysis.? Taylor & Francis, vol 4, 20 Nov, 2020, pp 106-117, https://www. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25723618.2020.1844932. Accessed Nov 7, 2021. 5. Jha, Nupur and Arunabh Bannerjee.?William Shakespeare s Macbeth to Vishal Bharadwaj s Maqbool: A Case Study on Adaptations in Contemporary Indian Cinema?IJELLH, vol 6, issue 8, 2016, pp 303-312, https://silo.tips/download/william-shakespeare-s-macbeth-to-vishal-bharadwaj-s-maqbool-a-case-study-on-adap. Accessed Nov 7, 2021. 6. ?Macbeth.? Tales from Shakespeare, by Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb, Everyman?s Library. 7. Maqbool. Directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, NH Studioz, 2004.

Bhishma Sahni is a well known writer. He has proved his creative talent by enriching Hindi literature with different colors of his writing art. He made contemporary problems the subject of his writings. The reality that Bhishma Sahni has expressed in his stories are small everyday incidents. Human sensibilities, horrific tragedies and ugliness of life have been engraved in their stories very easily. He has given the voice of the common people a place in his compositions. In the story of Chief Ki Daawat, through Shamnath (the main character) of the new generation immersed in the glare of modernity, they do not hesitate to turn away from their moral responsibilities for the fulfillment of their selfish interests and even insult their elders. . All these aspects are depicted alive. In the age of discussions, this story presents various important dimensions of old discourse.

Bhishma Sahni, Chief's Feast, Old Age Discussions, Sensations, Valuations.

1. Sahni Bhishma, Chief's Dawat, Hindi Katha Sahitya, Chhattisgarhi State Hindi Granth Academy, p.No. 72. 2. Divya, Review: A Story of Middle Class Life 'Chief Ki Dawat', July 2020. 3. Sahni Bhishma, Chief's Dawat, Hindi Katha Sahitya, Chhattisgarhi State Hindi Granth Academy, p.No. 73. 4. Same 74. 5. Same 74. 6. Same 74. 7. Same 74. 8. Same 73. 9. Same 75. 10. Same 77. 11. Same 77. 12. Same 78. 13. Same 79-80. 14. Same 80.

There has been exploitation and oppression against women in Indian society since ancient times. Movements against this exploitation and oppression have been taking place from time to time. These movements created consciousness in women's mind and gave birth to women's discourse. Women's discourse is a discourse that raises its voice to establish a social structure without discrimination between men and women, talking about the complete elimination of the patriarchal structure prevailing in the society. Women want to get equal rights by registering their presence and qualifications in every field of family, social, economic, educational and political. There has been a change in the nature of women in the literature of every era. Literary writers have expressed women's problems in their writings according to time and have also presented suggestions to solve women's problems. Women's discourse has awakened a sense of identity in the minds of women. Indian feminism opposes the patriarchal society and not men. This discourse strongly supports social, economic, educational, political and cultural equality etc.

Women discourse, identity, Indian society, Hindi literature.

1. Mukta Tyagi, Nari discourse in the novels of contemporary women novelists, Aman Publications Kanpur. 2. Nasreen Taslima, The destroyed girl destroyed prose, (Ed.) Munmun Sarkar, Vani Publications Delhi p 76. 3. Same p.No. 15. 4. Pandey Mrinal, Woman on the periphery, Radha Krishna Publications, New Delhi, p.No. 47. 5. Varma Mahadevi, episodes of the series, from Bhumika. 6. Verma Mahadev, Series Episodes, Lok Bharati Publications, Allahabad, p.No. 27-28. 7. Yadav Rajendra, Woman in the eyes of man, Rajkamal Publications, New Delhi, p.No. 28. 8. Nasreen Taslima, In favor of women, Vani Prakashan, p.No. 47. 9. Same, p. 99.

Human life is affected by the COVID 19 pandemic due to lockdown and social distancing, which resulted in the closure of schools, colleges, and universities for an indefinite period of time. Students had to suffer various restrictions during this period and the Indian education system switched over to the online/virtual learning to carry out academic activities. Even though the swap was implemented quickly, the new method seems imperfect, which resulted in various hardships to academic and student?s community. The study reveals that the virtual learning offers various advantages like flexibility, convenience and reduced cost. However the major disadvantages were found to be lack of face-to-face interaction, lack of attention and teacher-student bonding. Even though the virtual learning has various advantages, most of the respondents were neutral about the same. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to improve the quality of virtual learning environment.

Education, Virtual Learning, COVID-19, Lockdown.

1. Amritesh P.S Jeayaram Subramanian. (2019, March ). A study on student?s percption towards virtual learning enviorment, Palakkad. International journal of recent technology and enginerring, 7(1). 2. Cappel, K. L. (2014, December). Students Perceptions of Online learning : A comparative study. Journal of Information Technology Education Research, 5. 3. Chahal, A. C. (2020, August ). Challenges and Oppotrunites for online education in India. Pramana Research Journal, 8(4). 4. D.D, D. D. (2011, July). Students perceptions of online learning and instructional tools. A qaulitative study of undergraduate students use of online tools. The Turkish Online Journal of educational Technology , 10(1). 5. Gorya, M. A. (2019, March - April ). Students prefercnes and perception towards online education in Hydrabad city. International journal of trend in Sceintific Research and develepment (IJTSRD), 3(3). 6. Joshua Stern, P. (n.d.). Intoduction to online teaching and learning . 7. Kabita Khati, K. R. (2020). Challenges of Online Education during Covid-19 Pandemic in Nepal. International Journal of Entrenepruship and economic issues. 8. McKeon, J. (2014, November ). An investigation in to Students and Teachers perceptions of Aspects of online learning. International Journal of Reseach in humanities ans sccial studies , 1(1). 9. Patricia Fidalgo, J. T. (2020). Students perception on distance education : A multi national study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher education. 10. Results of Online Teaching : A case study. (2009, May). Information system Education Journal, 7(42).

Human life is uncertain in several aspects. A natural disaster such as Tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, landslide, avalanche or volcanic eruption, not to speak of the Covid-19 Pandemic, is one among them. It is an unanticipated occurrence that triggers damage to society, environment and human livelihood. Needless to say that loss and destruction being dramatic, depend on its degree of severity. Covid-19 Pandemic in two waves has been devastating worldwide. It cannot be refuted that many of the calamities that occur have manmade factors too, like pollution, global warming and ozone depletion. This may cause a severe imbalance in the ecosystem.

Pandemic, Unanticipated, Devastating, Refute, Calamities, Depletion.

1. Situation analysis on the COVID-19 pandemic?s impact on enterprises and workers in the formal and informal economy in India (2021), Ms Dagmar Walter Director, International National Organization, DWT South Asia and Country Office for India, P 13 2. Situation analysis on the COVID-19 pandemic?s impact on enterprises and workers in the formal and informal economy in India (2021), Ms Dagmar Walter Director, International National Organization, DWT South Asia and Country Office for India, Preface

The medium which should become the voice of the poor and downtrodden, what should be done when the path goes astray? MNCs weave their warps so cleverly that land, forests, people are all grabbed and nobody listens. In fact, today the media makes an excuse to walk with the help of advertisements and is fiercely standing with the exploiters, in such a situation it is the responsibility of the writers to be their voice. But the faces of the so called writers sitting in Delhi have been closed by the award of lakhs and the temptation to travel abroad. It is sad that before independence most of our freedom fighters were journalist editors, from Tilak, Gokhale, Savarkar, Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi to Mahatma Gandhi. Literary journalism has deviated from his values.

Journalist, farmer, writer, marketism, exploitation, worthlessness.

1. IFFCO Urea Company gives 10 lakh to 15 lakh award to litterateurs every year. Whose cost of urea bags is beyond the reach of the common farmer. 2. Prerna, Editorial, Arun Tiwari, Bhopal, June 2012 3. Hans, August 1994 Women's Writing Issue, Young Storyteller, issue September 1998 4. Girl with Yellow Umbrella, Uday Prakash, Vani Prakashan, 2008 5. Apni Baat, Arun Tiwari, 2019, Prerna Publications, Bhopal 6. Chhattisgarh Mitra, Sushil Trivedi, January 2020

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The study was conducted to measure the satisfaction level of the library users towards the library resources, library facilities, library services, and library automation services. The study was based on the primary data collected from library users from selected sixteen educational institutes of Himachal Pradesh. These institutes include the central university of Himachal Pradesh, private universities, state government universities, and central funded technical institutes. Total 720 library users were taken in the sample for final data analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version and MS excel. The library users were found to be satisfied with the library resources, but the satisfaction level of library users towards the library resources varies among different types of educational institutes.

Library automation, library services, Library users, Satisfaction, Himachal Pradesh, Resources.

1. Aneesh, CA; Jayakrishnan, M.V and Joseph, Jincy. (2018), ?Information retrieval through OPAC in the perspective of College?, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 8 No 2, pp. 77-82. 2. Ansari, Mehtab Alam; Gautam, J.N. and Shahwar, Fatima (2017), ?Library automation in Indian Central Universities: issues and challenges?, Cataloguing and classification quarterly, Vol. 55 No 4, pp. 247-265.?? 3. Aravind, S., & Kavitha, R. (2020). Issues & Challenges in Library Automation with Special Reference to Arts and Science Colleges - A Study. Journal of Xian University, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.37896/jxu14.4/260 4. Chandrakar, R., & Arora, J. (2009). Library Automation in India: Past, Present and Future. Information Standards Quarterly, 21(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv21n4.200901 5. Das, D., & Chatterjee, P. (2015). Library Automation: An Overview. International Journal of Research in Library Science, 1(1). 6. Dhabhai, Shikha. (2018), ?Automation Scenario in National law university libraries of India problems and prospects?, Ph.D. thesis. Departments of Library Science, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur. (Retrieved on 15.03.2020) 7. Dzandza, Patience Emefa (2017), ?ICT services to students in the greater Accra region of Ghana: an initiative of the Ghana library board (GhLA) towards the development agenda?. Information and learning Science, Vol. 118 No 7/8, pp. 393-405. 8. Kumar. K. (2015), ?Information and communication technology facilities and services among engineering college libraries in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh?, DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, Vol. 35 No. 5, pp. 335-342. 9. Madu, Vandi and Chagwa (2018), ?Availability and utilization of ICT for Information retrieval by undergraduate students in Ramat library, University of Maiduguri: a case study?. Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol. 23 No 5 pp. 35-42. 10. Mahanta, Prafulla Kumar. (2019), ?ICT infrastructure and services in the college libraries of Assam: a study,? Library Philosophy and Practice (e journal). pp.1-14. 11. Mathurajothi, S. (2017), ?Awareness of ICT application among the women library professionals in Tamil Nadu: an empirical study?. Ph.D thesis. The Gandhian Rural Institute: Deemed University, Gandhigram. (Retrieved on 10.02.2020) 12. Mohammad, Anas; Jafar, Iqbal and Parvez Ahmed. (2014), ?Impact of automation on library services in selected management institutes at Aligarh: a survey?, Electronic Library, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 296-307. 13. Mohanta, Arindam and Pandey, S.N. (2017), ?Innovative challenges and problems of library automation in Uttrakhand and Delhi states: a case study?, International Journal of Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, Vol.3 Issue 6, pp. 502-509. 14. Neelakandan, B? [et.al.] (2010), ?Implementation of automated library management system in the school of chemistry Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli using Koha open source software?, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Din Digul, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 149-16. 15. Ossai-Ugbah, Ngozi Blessing. (2010), ?The impact of automated library services and usage on student?s academic performance in Nigerian Universities?, International Journal of Library and Information Science, Vol. 2 No. 9, pp. 169-176. 16. Panda, Ipsita and Singh, Karan. (2016), ?The impact of information communication technology on library automation and higher education?, Indo-African Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 6-8. 17. Pandya, M. Dimple and Darbar, Maheshbhai (2017), ?Benefits and disadvantages of library automation: a study of?academic library users?, International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), Vol. 5 No 4, pp. 14-19 18. Pandya, Dimple M. and Darbar, Maheshbhai (2016), ?Users perception on library automation: a survey?. Indian Journal of Library science and Information Technology, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 42-45. 19. Pratap, Bhanu (2019), ?Status of library automation and digitization in agricultural universities of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh: a comparative study?. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334670289. Accessed on 11.03.2020 20. Vimal Kumar and Jaisimudeen S. (2012), ?Adoption and user perceptions of Koha library management system in India?, Annals of Library and Information Studies, Vol. 59 No.4, pp. 223-230.

With the aim of reviving the famous but disappearing folk painting art of Malwa region in a particular age group, by designing traditional clothes and presenting them to the respondents, taking their appropriateness and marketing advice and taking any conclusion. The aim of the present study is to reach For this purpose any 30 respondents were selected at random. Preference scale and market potential scale were used for data collection. It is known from the results that the garments designed by presenting the ancient art in a new way have been highly liked by the age group, and its market potential is excellent.

Lak Art, Sanja, Traditional Garment Designing, Hand Embroidery Work, Market Potential.

1. Bable, Sudha; Sachihar, Latika (2020) Designing Cushions Picking Inspiration from Traditional Folk Painting:Sanjhi, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN 2319-7064 volume 9 issue 1. 2. Rajpurohit, Bhagvatilal (2008) Madhya Pradesh ke Malwa Janpad ki chitrakala-Chitravan, published by Adivasi Lok Kala avam Tulsi Sahitya Academy MP Sanskruti Parishad, Bhoipal 169-183. 3. http://www.royalorienttrain.com/rajasthan/paintings/folk painting.html 4. http://rajasthantravelswalks.com/explore/things-do/jal-sanjhi 5. http://ignca.nic.in/sanjhi/recommendation.html

It?s safe to say that cashless transactions have revolutionized the financial outlook of India. Utilizing mobile phones?to make payments instead of opting for the traditional modes of payment has increased tremendously?since demonetization. When the business operations of most?SMEs came to a standstill during demonetization, the businesses that had shifted to cashless transactions managed to curb losses. The convenience and security associated with these payment modes is an important factor in the surge.?With the recent introduction of several digital modes of payment in India, business owners are slowly?adapting to the shift. In cashless transactions, payments are made or accepted without the use of hard cash.?This includes payments made via credit/debit cards,?cheques, DD,?NEFT, RTGS, or any other form of online payment that removes the need for cash.

Credit/debit cards,?cheques, DD,?NEFT, and RTGS.

1. Bisht et al. (2015). Analysis of the use of plastic money: A boon or a bane. SIMS Journal of Management Research, Vol. 1 . 2. Bona, J. T. C. (2018, May 21). Factors affecting the spending behavior of college students. 2. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, Volume XIII, Issue II, February/2021 ISSN NO: 0022-1945 Page No:1807 3. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/171490. 3. Dahlberg &Oorni. (2007). Understanding changes in consumer payment habits - Do mobile payments and electronic invoices attract consumers? IEEE Explore. 4. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4076473 4. Davies, A. E. (2017, May). To Study University Students? Perceptions towards Their Cashless Financial Transactions. Space home. 5. https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/handle/10369/8654 5. Digital Payments in Education. Dolomite. (2017). 6. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/au/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-au-ps-digit al-payments-education-240717.pdf. 6. Ghosh and Gupta. (2018). 7. Analyzing the Effectiveness of Digital Payment System: A Study among College Going Students in South Kolkata. 8. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Swapan_Banerjee4/publication/329913232_. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER), pp 69-73. 9. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, Volume XIII, Issue II, February/2021 ISSN NO: 0022-1945 Page No: 1808 8. Khalid, N., Nazir, F., Azlan, N., &Hamidi, F. (2021, January 15). Report of Spending Behavior. Course Hero. 10. https://www.coursehero.com/file/77995836/REPORT-SPENDING-BEHAVIORdocx. 9. Kumar. (n.d.). Demonetization and Cashless Banking Transactions in India. 11. https://www.ijniet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/7311.pdf 10. Prelec, D., Simester, D. Always Leave Home Without It: A Further Investigation of the Credit-Card Effect on Willingness to Pay. Marketing Letters 12, 5?12 (2001). 12. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008196717017 11. Sagayarani, D. (n.d.). Digital Payments In India. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668; PP 28-33. 12. Rajanna (2018). Growth of Cash-Less Transactions In India: Challenges And Prospects. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 6(1), 199-204. 13. Vally&Divya (2018). 13. A Study on Digital Payments in India with Perspective of Consumer s Adoption. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol .119 No.15.

Global tourism had witnessed a huge set back immediate after the pandemic due to novel corona virus called covid-19 the impact of pandemic has caused sudden global lock down and preventive social distancing that creates significant disruption global economy as well as tourism industry a lot by which an apprehended change in tourist buying behavior and their set priorities to opt for tourism products had also under severe change globally. Indian International tourism market is also acknowledging the same since buying mechanism had been changed so far from luxury to necessity. The Scenario is of current situation are under the change of moderate to intermediate to dramatic. Even the first quarter of 2020 had emerged the loss of a huge economic surplus throughout the globe which was a cause of stimulation of greater economic turn around by tourism centric buying for inbound tourism products especially major international tourism products. This major setback had crafted a new buying behavior and customer priorities since the earning had moderately shifted towards uncertain changes, which is a genuine base of buyer?s key potential. On the other hand offerings are also being dramatically changed since the pandemic had caused of a break in equilibrium (in demand and supply aspect) of almost every tourism product offered and product sought by customer called tourist/traveler. This paper submits the analytical changes adopted by tourism academia after outbreak of pandemic. Tourism education has therefore to think beyond for necessary changes to look after the forthcoming requirements of tourism industry centric human resource related alteration and feasible outcomes due to the change in expectations, priorities and buying trends of forthcoming tourist/travelers after Covid-19 pandemic.This paper is a symbolic interpretation of changes occurred and the logic drawn through these changed scenarios of tourism education/academia.

Covid-19 Pandemic, Tourism Industry, Tourism Academia, Changed-practices, prospects.

1. Accenture. (2020, April 28). https://www.accenture.com. Retrieved Auguest 26, 2020, from https://www.accenture.com: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/consumer-goods-services/coronavirus-consumer-behavior-research 2. Ady Milman, A. P. (2001). Academic Characterstics and Faculty Compensation in U.S. Hospitality Management Programes:1999-2000. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education , pp. 4-16. 3. Barrows, C. W. (1999). The Current State of Hospitality and Education in Clayton. Hospitality Management Education , 261-273. 4. Gustin, M. E. (2009). Think for Yourself: Brining Critical Thinkig Skills to the Classroom . Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education , 41-47. 5. Johanson, M., & Wood, R. H. (1999, November ). Participants Response Rate of Hospitality and Management Research Projects:1987-1997. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education , pp. 41-44. 6. Keith H. Mandabach, D. V. (2001). Hospitality Technology Education: Student Sucesses Mastering the Hidden Curriculum. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 13 (1), pp. 49-56. 7. OECD. (2020, June 2). oecd.org/coronavirus . Retrieved August 25, 2020, from oecd.org/coronavirus : https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=124_124984-7uf8nm95se&title=Covid-19_Tourism_Policy_Responses 8. Ritchie, J. B. (1992). New Horizons, New Realities: Prospective of the Tourism Educators. World Travel And Tourism Review indicators, Trends and Issues, 2, 257-260. 9. UGC. (2020). www.ugc.ac.in. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from www.ugc.ac.in: https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/6100894_UGC-Revised-Guidelines-on-Examinations-and-Academic-Calendar-for-the-Universities-in-view-of-COVID-19-Pandemic_06_07_2020.pdf 10. UNWTO. (2020). Covid - 19 related Travel Restrictions. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organisation. 11. UNWTO. (2020, June). www.unwto.org. Retrieved August 28, 2020, from www.unwto.org: https://www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-on-international-tourism

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) a major public health problem especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries leading to various complications for the mother and the fetus. Infection with any Plasmodium species (specially P. falciparum or P. vivax) during pregnancy increases the risks of severe anaemia, premature delivery, low-birthweight, neonatal and maternal deaths and stillbirths. Knowledge about malaria in pregnancy (MiP) and its prevention is essential to control its risk and consequences during pregnancy. The objectives of the study were; (a) to explore the knowledge and attitude of malaria among pregnant women (b) to collate the practices opted for the prevention and control of malaria in India and Nigeria.? Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out using available search engines; Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct etc. and articles with reference to knowledge, attitude and practices of MiP were assembled using some keywords. Studies conducted among pregnant women from India and Nigeria were included. Results: A total of 17 research articles were included for the final review based on the inclusion criteria. This review suggests that the level of knowledge among pregnant women for malaria and its prevention is associated with the awareness of malaria during pregnancy and its prevention.? Conclusion: There were gaps in the knowledge about the preventive measures for malaria in pregnancy in India and Nigeria. Majority of studies are from Nigeria which shows that more research is being done in the country on MiP. There is less literature available in India which suggests that more evidence needs to be generated.?

Malaria in pregnancy, India, Nigeria.

1. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2019. Geneva. [Internet]. 2019. 1?232. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/world-malaria-report-2019 2. Regmi K, Kunwar A, Ortega L. A systematic review of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about malaria among the South Asian population. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. 2016 Jan;6(1):30822. 3. Rogerson SJ. Management of malaria in pregnancy. Vol. 146, Indian Journal of Medical Research. Indian Council of Medical Research; 2017. p. 328?33. 4. Andrew EVW, Pell C, Angwin A, Auwun A, Daniels J, Mueller I, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning malaria in pregnancy: Results from a qualitative study in Madang, Papua New Guinea. PLoS ONE. 2015 Apr 20;10(4). 5. Hadiza K, Abdul Rahman H. Association between knowledge, attitude and preventive practices on malaria among pregnant women with and without malaria attending ante-natal care in zamfara state, nigeria [Internet]. Vol. 2, International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences. [cited 2020 Jun 16]. Available from: http://publichealthmy.org/ejournal/ojs2/index.php/ijphcs/article/view/235 6. Schantz-Dunn J, Nour NM. Malaria and pregnancy: a global health perspective. Reviews in obstetrics & gynecology [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2020 Jul 5];2(3):186?92. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826576 7. Howard N, Enayatullah S, Mohammad N, Mayan I, Shamszai Z, Rowland M, et al. Towards a strategy for malaria in pregnancy in Afghanistan: Analysis of clinical realities and women?s perceptions of malaria and anaemia. Malaria Journal. 2015 Nov 4;14(1). 8. Ampofo GD, Tagbor H, Bates I. Effectiveness of pregnant women?s active participation in their antenatal care for the control of malaria and anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cluster randomized controlled trial ISRTCTN88917252 ISRTCTN. Malaria Journal. 2018 Jun 19;17(1):238. 9. Oladimeji KE, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Ojewole E, Yunga ST. Knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children aged under 5 years in Ibadan, South West Nigeria. Malaria Journal [Internet]. 2019 Mar 22 [cited 2020 May 29];18(1):1?12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2706-1 10. Kutty, Joe B. Knowledge of antenatal mothers on effects of malaria in pregnancy. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education. 2017;18(1):76. 11. Iriemenam NC, Dosunmu AO, Oyibo WA, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF. Knowledge, attitude, perception of malaria and evaluation of malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 2011 Mar;48(1):12?7. 12. Akinleye SO, Ajayi IO. Knowledge of malaria and preventive measures among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in a rural local government area in Southwestern Nigeria. World health & population. 2011;12(3):13?22. 13. Ojong IN, Iheanacho LO, Akpan MI, Nlumanze FF. Knowledge and Practice of Malaria Prevention Among Pregnant Women Attending Secondary Health Facility in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Hamdard Medicus [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Jun 16];56(3):70. Available from: http://applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/Hamdard_Med/Hamdard_Med_2013_56_3_70_77.pdf 14. Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Bachok N, Audu B. Effects of a health educational intervention on malaria knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills: A randomized controlled trial PACTR201610001823405 PACTR. Malaria Journal [Internet]. 2019;18(1):1?14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2676-3 15. Adebayo AM, Akinyemi OO, Cadmus EO. Knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women and female caregivers of under-five children in rural southwest Nigeria. PeerJ [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 May 26];2015(2):1?13. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4349050/?report=abstract 16. Obieche AO, Enato EFFO, Ande ABBA. Assessment of knowledge, interventional practices for, and impact of malaria in pregnancy among parturient women in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Jun 16];14(6):1103?10. Available from: http://www.tjpr.org 17. Ango UM, Anka AM, Awosan KJ, Oche OM, Yakubu A, Raji MO. Awareness, perception, and utilization of insecticides treated nets and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;5(1):64?9. 18. Mens PF, Scheelbeek PF, al Atabbi H, Enato EF. Peer education: The effects on knowledge of pregnancy related malaria and preventive practices in women of reproductive age in Edo State, Nigeria [Internet]. BMC Public Health BioMed Central Ltd; 2011 p. 610. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/610 19. Akaba GO, Otubu JAMM, Agida ETE, Onafowokan O. Knowledge and utilization of malaria preventive measures among pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria?s federal capital territory. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice [Internet]. 2013 Apr [cited 2020 Jul 15];16(2):201?6. Available from: http://www.njcponline.com /text.asp?2013/16/2/201/110162 20. Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Norsa?Adah B, Audu B. Knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and their association with insecticidal net use among pregnant women in a secondary health centre in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Malaria Journal. 2018 Oct 12;17(1):1?17. 21. Okafor IP, Ezekude C, Oluwole EO, Onigbogi OO. Malaria in pregnancy: A community-based study on the knowledge, perception, and prevention among Nigerian women. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 May 26];8(4):1359. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6510088/?report=abstract 22. Aina BA, Ayeni FA. Knowledge and use of insecticide treated nets as a malaria preventive tool among pregnant women in a local government area of lagos state, nigeria. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2011;1(7):162?6.

The provision of one nation and one tax in India means that the provision of tax has been implemented smoothly in the appropriate state of India on the French model and saw one of the historically indirect tax reforms in the form of Good Service Tax (GST).In this country, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) made a rule regulation to levy the provision of tax on every complete supply of goods and services within the country. Along with this, a system of integrated tax on the basis of consumption of goods has been made in India. It is the framework of a comprehensive taxation system, in which all the indirect taxes of this system of governance at the centre and the states are accumulated in the national market in a direct manner to the economy. The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was also started smoothly in all the states through this governance structure in India. The main thrust of the study at the present time is to conduct a detailed survey of the existing literature of GST, and as necessary from the point of view of its potential impact on the Indian economy. This shows that the government (both central and state) and most of the country aspires to benefit from the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in the future, as well as improve India?s overall rate of economic growth will promote.

GST, VAT, UPA, Govt, Implementation.

1. www. gstaknowledge. in 2. Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers, constituted by Government of India. 3. Girish Garg (2014) ?Basic Concepts and Features of Good and Service Tax In India? International Journal of scientific research and management (IJSRM)? Volume2, Issue 2, PP: 542-549. 4. http://economictimes.indiatimes. Com/topic/gst. 5. http.ficci.com/document/20238/towards-the-GST-ApproachPaper-Apri-2013.pdf

The future of a nation depends on the proper development of talented children. The role of a teacher is important in this development.The teacher?s power to successfully complete a task of teaching is called its effectiveness. At a general level, how much do teachers teach students? A more effective teacher makes his full impact on the students. But what about those teachers their effectiveness is reduced due to some reason and which has a direct impact on the student future. The critical factor influencing teaching effectiveness is the need level.If a teacher?s need level is not fulfill at the lowest level according to psychologist Abraham Maslow?s need level hierarchy , does it affected his or her teaching. To study this, we have selected ?A Study on Self-Realization of teaching effectiveness on the basis of need level.The finding conclude that successful teacher effectiveness can also occur when teachers give full sacrifice during their teaching work and do not allow need level on their teaching. So in research we did not find any meaningful difference of need level on teaching effectiveness.

Teaching, Need Level, self- realization, Teacher Effectiveness.

1. Ishlahi, F., and Nashreen, N., (2013). Who make effective teachers, men or women? An Indian prospective, Universal journal of educational research, pp. 9 2. McBer, H., (2001). Research into teacher effectiveness, early professional development for teachers, chap. 17, books.google.co.in 3. Rathod, K.,.M.,(2019).A study of teaching aptitude of secondary and higher secondary schools? Teachers in relation, Research journal of human development, vol.6(1),pp.64-69

In ancient times, the basic need of man was housing. Presently they get the facilities of residence, comfort, security, cleanliness, storage of property from the house. That's why humans need housing. In this context, National Housing Policy, National Housing Bank, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and other housing schemes are being operated and in this context Chhattisgarh Home Construction Board has been established with the implementation of state level housing policy. Atal Awas Yojna, Deendayal Awas Yojna, Atal Vihar Yojna, Common Housing Scheme, Rajiv Nagar Awas Yojana have been started by the Board. The objective of these schemes is to provide housing at affordable rates and through this the economic and social development of the beneficiaries is done.

Housing, Chhattisgarh Housing Board, Economic Development, Social Development.

1. Sangwari Mandal Beneficiary Guide of Chhattisgarh Home Construction Board. 2. Departmental website of Chhattisgarh Home Construction Board http://cghb.gov.in. 3. Other websites https://drishtiias.com. 4. Gupta Alok and Gupta Nitin, Research Methodology. 5. Shukla S. M. and Sahai Shivpujan, Vy. Statistics. 6. Hari Bhoomi Awas and Environment Special Magazine. 7. Analysis of functioning and achievements of Chhattisgarh Home Construction Board under Devangan Karuna, Raipur Division.

Skilled human resource is the basic resource for all round development of a country. No nation can develop without converting its manpower into human capital. According to a study conducted by the World Bank in 192 countries, 'the human capital contributes 64 percent to the economic development of a country, the remaining physical and natural capital contributes only 16 percent and 20 percent respectively. Today India is passing through the era of demographic dividend. It is one of the youngest countries in the world, with more than 60 percent of the population below the age of 35. If the skill of this demographic dividend is developed, then India can be made a leading country in all fields. But the scenario of skill development is that the rate of vocational training during 2004-05 to 2011-12 has remained at the level of 2 per cent. According to the report of the 68th round of survey released by NSSO in June 2013, 89.2 percent people in the country have not received any kind of informal training and only 2.2 percent people have received formal vocational training. The pace of skill development in India has been extremely slow. After independence, initially ITIs and polytechnic colleges were opened for skill development, but their number was negligible in proportion to the population. Their numbers increased in later years but were very small in proportion to the increase in population. National Skill Development Corporation was constituted in the year 2008 and National Skill Development Fund in 2009 for skill development in the 11th Five Year Plan, but even then the required pace in skill development could not be achieved. Again in the year 2014, the pace of skill development was accelerated by the formation of a separate ministry named Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship by the Government of India for comprehensive improvement in skill development. At present, a total of 17 ministries of the country are running programs and schemes at their respective levels for skill development. Also, where skill development and vocational education could not get due importance in India's earlier education policies of 1968 and 1986, it has been given an important place in the National Education Policy 2020 and vocational education from class 6 to the curriculum. has been included. Along with this, many types of policy reforms have also been done.

Skill development, demographic dividend, formal training, pedagogy.

1- NSSO (2015) 68th Round Report on Education and Vocational Training (22 September 2015) 2. Gupta Parag, Gupta Mukesh Kumar, Khurana Sakshi, Saxena Ankit (2020) - Skill Development in India: A Roadmap for the Future, Kurukshetra, February 2020, pp. 9-11 3. Thakur Sunil K., Tripathi Subhranshu (2020) Skill development in the context of employment, Kurukshetra, February 2020, pp. 12-15. 4. Ip Sera (2020) Vocational Education in Schools of India, Kurukshetra, February 2020, pp. 23-26. 5. Tiwari Nilesh, Sharma Tulika (2019) Skill Development in Rural Education, Kurukshetra, November 2019, pp. 38-44 6. Kumar Sarvesh (2018), Indian Economy, Sarthak Publications. 7. Mishra Sukriti, (2017) Skill Development : The Key to Human Resource Skill Development in India, ipp. 44-50 8. Daghich, Sharma Balendra (2020), Skill development program will be strengthened with youth participation, Kurukshetra, February 2020, pp. 36-39

The Indian Contract Act considers minors as incompetent to contract or lacking contractual capacity. The principle which evolved in the landmark case of MohiriBibee v. Dharmodas Ghoshwas that the agreements with minors are absolutely void. This principle is slowly becoming confined to the cases of executory agreements or the agreements which are trying to charge minors with obligations. The effects of agreements with minors have to be worked separately from a contract. The Indian law makes separate provisions for supply of necessaries to minors which has its genesis under quasi contracts as well as provisions for restitution also find place and restitution of money is allowed. The Article intends to analyze the position of agreements with minors in India, effects of minors agreements including, ratification, restitution and necessaries as well as application of MohriBibee?s ruling in present scenario.

Minors, Restitution, Ratification, Necessaries.

1. S.10, The Indian Contract Act, 1872. What agreements are contracts. ?All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Nothing herein contained shall affect any law in force in 1 [India] and not hereby expressly repealedby which any contract is required to be made in writing1 or in the presence of witnesses, or any law relating to the registration of documents. 2. Id.s.11-Who are competent to contract.?Every person is competent to contract who is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject , and who is of sound mind and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. 3. (1903)30 Cal 539(PC) 4. S.39- Any person against whom a written instrument is void or voidable, who has reasonable apprehension that such instrument, if left outstanding, may cause him serious injury; may sue to have it adjudged void or voidable; and the Court may, in its discretion, so adjudge it and order it to be delivered up and cancelled. 5. Section 115, The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Estoppel. ?When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing 6. S.64- Consequences of rescission of voidable contract. ?When a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the other party thereto need not perform any promise therein contained in which he is promisor. The party rescinding avoidable contract shall, if he have received any benefit thereunder from another party to such contract, restore such benefit, so far as may be, to the person from whom it was received 7. S.65- Obligation of person who has received advantage under void agreement or contract that becomes void. ? when an agreement is discovered to be void, or when a contract becomes void, anyperson who has received any advantage under such agreement or contract is bound to restore it, or to make compensation for it to the person from whom he received it. 8. S.41- On adjudging the cancellation of an instrument the Court may require the party to whom such relief is granted to make any compensation to the other which justice may require. 9. GadigeppaBhimappaMeti v. BalangowdaBhimangowda- AIR 1931 Bom 561. 10. Burnard v. Haggis,(1863)4 CBNS 45. 11. Roberts v. Grey-1913 1kB 520,De Francesco v. Barnum-(1890) 45 CH D 430. 12. Raj Rani v. PremAdib-(1949)51 BOMLR 256 13. S.68. Claim for necessaries supplied to person incapable of contracting, or on his account. ?If a person, incapable of entering into a contract, or any one whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another person with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person. 14. (1914)3 KB 607(CA) 15. (1913)2 KB 235 16. ILR(1928)9(Lah)701 17. AIR 1937All 610 18. Supra note 9 19. A.t RaghavaChariar v.O.MSrinivasa-ILR(1916)40 Mad 308 20. Great American Insurance Co. ltd.v.Madanlal.

The public trust doctrine is a legal concept which has connotation and ramifications in many fields.1 This doctrine has its roots in ancient Roman law. But it is so pertinent that still now it has maintained a status of celebrated principle that brings a philosophical foundation for contemporary conservation.? Initially the doctrine was limited to US and UK Courts which can be easily evidenced by the examination of judicial decisions of their jurisdictions. But the range has been widened with the expansion of the concept of environmental conservation across the planet. Landmark Kamal Nath2 verdict of the Apex Court is an entry point of this doctrine in Indian environmental jurisprudence. From then this doctrine has been widely and repeatedly applied by the judiciary for conservation of natural resources and to draw attention of the policy makers in the preservation of the natural resources in pristine conditions. The application of the doctrine involves multi-contentious issues of nature of the State ownership and private ownership of the property. These conflicting positions and concepts demand the solution to resolve the issue of uncertainty in the society and ensure preservation and conservation of resources without causing any intrusion in private ownership of property. In this paper it has been attempted to trace the growth and application of the doctrine in Indian environmental jurisprudence. The aim is confined to analyse the judicial decisions comprehensibly and to offer a more suitable application and option for the policy makers in India.

Environment, Judiciary, Sustainabilty, Conservation, Public trust doctrine.

1. The discourse in this paper is limited to only one aspect which is in the milieu of conservation of natural resources in the light of landmark judicial decisions. 2. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997) 1 SCC 388. 3. Jamieson, Dale (ed.), A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, 386 (Blackwell Publishers, 2001). 4. Tacks, David, ?The Public Trust Doctrine, Environmental Human Rights and the Future of Private Property?, 16 N.Y.U.ENVT. L.J.711 (2008) https://repository. uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=faculty_Scholarship (Visited on 13/02/2021). 5. Ghosh, Shibani (ed.), Indian Environmental Law-Key Concepts and Principles 235 (Orient BlackSwan Hyderabad, 2019). 6. This doctrine was established by the Roman law as a legal concept. 7. Illinois Central Railroad Company v. People of the State of Illinois (1892). 8. The Intellectuals Forum, Tirupathi v. State Of A.P. & Ors on 23 February, 2006 Indian Kanoon - http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1867873/ 17(Visited on 23/04/2021 9. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1997); M.I. Builders v. Radhey Shyam Sahu, (1999) 10. Freedman, Bradley & Shirley, Emily, ?England and the public trust doctrine?, Journal of Planning & Environment Law. p.1 (2014) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/571d109b04426270152febe0/t/576c4fb4725e25e4c65d4066/1466716084657/BradleyFreedman-EmilyShirley-2014ArticleEnglandandthePublicTrust Doctrine.pdf(Visited on 13/02/2021 11. Ibid. at 12. Owen, Dave, ?The Monolake, the Public Trust doctrine, and Administrative State? University of California, Davis p.1101 Vol.45(2012). https://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/45/3/Topic/45-3_Owen.pdf (Visited on 10/03/2021) 13. 146 US 537 (1892) 14. National Society v. Superior Court of Alpine Country 33 Cal 419 5 33 Cal 419 16. Sax, Joseph L., ?The public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resource Law: Effective Judicial Intervention?, Michigan Law Review, Vol.68 No.3 (Jan.1970) pp. 471 17. 350 Mass 410 (1966). This case is referred by the Meghalaya High Court in The Principal St Anthonys College vs The State Of Meghalaya And Ors on 17 April, 2014 ; http://indiankanoon.org/doc/63908935/ 11(Visited on 13/02/2021 18. Article 47of the Indian Constitution. 19. The Intellectuals Forum, Tirupathi v. State of A.P. & Ors on 23 February, 2006 Indian Kanoon - http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1867873/ 17 (Visited on 23/05/2021). 20. Shri Sachidanand Pandey and Ors. v. State of West Bengal and Anr.) MANU/SC/0106/1991: AIR 1991 SC 420: AIR 1987 SC 1109 (1997) 1 SCC 388: AIR 1987 SC 1109: AIR 2000 SC 1256. 21. (2010) 5 SCC 538 22. (1997) 1 SCC 388 23. Sax, Joseph L., ?The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resource Law- Effective Judicial Intervention?, Michigan Law Review,p.477 Vol.68:471 https://www.law.berkeley .edu/files/CLEE/Sax68MichLRev471.pdf(Visited on 23/05/2021). 24. Ibid. 25. AIR 1999 J&K 81 26. (1999) 6 SCC 464 27. (1999) 6 SCC 464 28. (1997) 2 SCC 653 29. AIR 2003 SC 724 (736) 30. (2001) 6 SCC 496; http://indiankanoon.org/doc/870673/ (Visited on 28/05/2020). 31. (2004) 10 SCC 201 32. http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1026316/ (Visited on 02/06/2021). 33. (2006) 3 SCC 549 34. (2009) 3 SCC 571 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid. 37. (2006) 6SCC 543 38. http://indiankanoon.org/doc/111985577/ (Visited on 28/05/2021). 39. (2010) 7 SCC 1, P. 40. 3 SCC 1 : (2012) 2 SCALE 180 ; http://indiankanoon.org/doc/70191862/ (Visited on 19/05/2021) 41. Article 39(b) of the Constitution of India. 42. Supra 38. 43. The Principal St Anthonys College vs The State Of Meghalaya And Ors on 17 April, 2014 available at http://indiankanoon.org/doc/63908935/ 11 (Visited on 18/04/2021). 44. Ghosh, Shibani (ed.), Indian Environmental Law-Key Concepts and Principles 256 (Orient BlackSwan Hyderabad, 2019).

Since the beginning of the development of civilization, man has been continuously trying to increase his comfort and convenience. In this sequence, he discovered many techniques, resources and tools, due to which human life became relatively easier. Later this process of resource and technological development was called development. This process of economic development continued till the nineteenth century and continuously made new records. Scholars named this process by the names of economic development, economic growth, human development etc. With the passage of time, new model principles and parameters were being created. Many researches, seminars and educational discussions were held on this, but in the second half of the twentieth century, when the world population became very high and resources started falling and on the other hand the effects of industrial revolution resulted in environmental pollution, ozone depletion, ecological imbalance. When the problems started showing their formidable form, then the mind of the scholars went towards finding such a path of development which continues continuously and without harming the environment, continues on the path of human development. Later, a new concept of development was discovered which has been called sustainable development. In this new development model, emphasis is placed on pursuing development without harming nature. Before writing this article, we studied many research papers, articles and books and tried to know how the process of development started? What is development? What is the pattern of development? What are the indicators of development? After much study, it was found that the process of development is very complex, its forms are constantly changing. In this article, along with analyzing these changes, its new forms have also been analyzed. In the end, direction has also been given for advance research, drawing attention to the challenges faced in the path of sustainable development.

Sustainable development, economic development, human, environment, industrialization, resources.

1. Tomislav Klarin (2018), The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues, Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 67-94,2018,file:///C:/Users/hp/Downloads/Sustainable_ Developmen/The_Concept_of_Sustainable_Development_From_its_Be.pdf 2. Dan Cristian Durana , Alin Artene & Others (2015), The objectives of sustainable development - ways to achieve welfare, Peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Research and EducationCenter, doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00852-7, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81993639.pdf 3. Keeley, B. (2015), Income Inequality: The Gap between Rich and Poor, OECD Insights, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264246010-en 4. Dennis L. Meadows et al. THE LIMITS TO GROWTH Universe Books, New York, 19, http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf 5. IUCN-UNEP-WWF (1980), WORLD CONSERVATION STRATEGY, https://portals. iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/wcs-004.pdf 6. Prajal Pradhan & Others (2017), A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000632 7. TERI (2015), People,?Planet and?Progress Beyond, IBSN:9788179935927, http://bookstore. teri.res.in/books/9788179935927 8. United Nations New York, (2007), Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies, United Nations publication Sales No. E.08.II.A.2 ISBN 978-92-1-104577-2, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/guidelines.pdf 9. Maurya S.D. and Maurya R.K. (2018), Physical Geography & Physical environment of India, Abhigyan Internation Lucknow, ISBN: 978-81-951948-3-4 10. Maurya S.D. and Maurya R.K. (2018), Human Geography, People & Economy, Abhigyan Internation Lucknow, ISBN: 978-81-951948-8-9 11. Sustainable Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development

In the last 10 years in India, the landscape of providing information about services in all the banks of the state has evolved dramatically with the overall development of the bank. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is always keeping an eye on the banks in the country to prepared a draft banking model of banks and had to join this revolutionary field, Along with this, the rise of banks in the country started slowly in all the states of India and has been greatly affected which are reducing global competition and lowering costs and entry barriers. To solve this problem, a committee was constituted by the banks, which is known as Core Committee. Only then can a consensus be reached. And at the last moment, it was found to verify the result that all the scheduled banks, who were struggling with this revolution, had to be divided into five parts as per direction and cooperation in its area - Digital Desi Bank (Beta Bank, Neo bank, Challenger Bank, Big Tech K Banks, Retailer?s Banks) and the five dimensions sector added (License, Actor, Approach, Banking Market Experience, Group Core Business) which has been the largest support by the bank India report till date. This type of contribution has also been accompanied by the revolutionaries of the bank such as - the theoretical contribution of the paper is to create a typology of digital native banks. From a managerial point of view, to be better informed about paper competitors and the banking industry also had to be involved in this area. And the originality of its paper and the nascent field can be used in this analysis of the banking revolution in the field of transactions.

Revolution, Bank, Industry, Dimension, Digital.

1. Das, Santosh Kumar (1980).?The economic history of ancient India. Cosmo Publications. pp.?229.?ISBN?978-81-307-0423-4. 2. Rungta, Radhe Shyam (1970).?The Rise of Business Corporations in India, 1851?1900. CUP Archive. p.?221. GOKEY:NC1SA25Y2CB. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 3. Mishra,?H. K. (1991).?Famines and Poverty in India. APH Publishing. p.?197.?ISBN?978-81-7024-374-8. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 4. Muthiah S (2011).?Madras Miscellany. Westland. p.?933.?ISBN?978-93-80032-84-9. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 5. ?The Advent of Modern Banking in India: 1720 to 1850s?.?Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 6. ?The Reserve Bank of India?s big surprise?.?The Hindu. Retrieved?26 February?2017. 7. ?Evolution of SBI?.?State Bank of India. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 8. ?Business Financing: Banks?.?Government of India. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 9. ?Social Controls, the Nationalization of Banks and the era of bank expansion ? 1968 to 1985".?Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 10. Muraleedharan,?D. (2009).?Modern Banking: Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p.?2.?ISBN?978-81-203-3655-1. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 11. ?Directory of Bank Offices: Certain Concepts?.?Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved?12 January?2015. 12. Fred Gottheil (1 January 2013).?Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning. p.?417.?ISBN?978-1-133-96206-9. Retrieved?11 January?2015. 13. Chris A. Gregory (1997).?Savage Money: The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange. Taylor & Francis. p.?212.?ISBN?978-90-5702-091-9. Retrieved?11 January2015. 14. Rbi.gov.in 15. Pmjdy.gov.in

Drug addiction is one of the major social problems in the present times. Its seriousness can be ascertained from the fact that it is a problem that brings with it many other problems. Young generation is the future of any country and drug addiction is taking these youths in their grip very fast. According to a report of the United Nations, the number of people addicted to drugs in India is increasing at the rate of 30 percent every year, which is a matter of serious concern. The effect of drug addiction is not limited to the individual, it has a direct impact on the individual, family and society, that is, in this processes like individual family and social education go together. If the problem like drug addiction, which is spreading rapidly in the country, is not curbed effectively, then the future of the youth of the country will also not be safe, so taking the cooperation of government and non-government organizations and educational institutions, the appointed controllers of the country should also be taken in this direction. Special attention is required.

Drug addiction, de-addiction movement, rehabilitation center, depressant, stimulant, hallucination.

1. https://www.1hindi.com/essay-on-drugabuse-in-hindi/ 2. Gopal Krishna, Sociology, SBPD Publishing House 3/20-B Near Tulsi Cinema, Agra- 282002 (U.P.) p.-241 3. Same page - 246 4. Ahuja, Ram: Social Problems No. 4, 4832/24 Ansari Road Daryaganj New Delhi-110 002, p. No. 410 5. Mookerjee and Agarwal: Sociology, SBPD Publications, 3/20 B. Agra-Mathura Bypass Road near Tulsi Cinema Agra 282002, p. 223 6. Kellar, Mark ; ?Alcoholism: Nature and extent of the Problem? in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and social sciences, Vol, 315 January 1958 P-04 7. Hindustan (Editorial Daily Newspaper, published from Kanpur dated 15 Se

India is a land of pilgrimage and tourism is an important sector of economy. If both the terms are brought together it will open ample of areas for religious tourism in the country. The word religious tourism is comparatively new in tourism sector. In many countries, tourism is main source of revenue and it is considered as backbone of their economy. At present it is mostly used for marketing purpose. There are a large number of religious places in Chhattisgarh. Every year thousands of tourists from various parts of India visit these holy places in Chhattisgarh. These places are not only popular for religious importance but also well known for its architectural structure.This paper mainly discusses religious places of Chhattisgarh state. This study is conducted to find out the current state and scope of religious tourism in Chhattisgarh. This paper is based on data obtained from secondary sources. Various magazines, journals and official websites of government of India and Chhattisgarh is reviewed for data collection. Number of visitors are considered as demand factor and religious tourism product and service providers as supply factors. A proper understanding of key issues and a proactive remedial steps are required to promote Chhattisgarh as a preferred tourist destination in the map of India and world. A sincere effort has been made to find out basic challenges before government of Chhattisgarh to develop it a tourism state and suggestions are made.

Tourism sector, Religious tourism, Marketing, Economy.

1. Banerjee, Anushree (2014). Human Resource Development in Tourism Industry in India: a Case Study of Jet Airways India Ltd. Journal of Tourism: A Contemporary Perspective, Vol 1(1), 1?6, January 2014 2. Bhatia, Archana (2013). SWOT Analysis of Indian tourism Industry, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2013 3. Carlos F. Elsa P., Francisco G. and Susana Rachao (2012). A new research approach for religious tourism: the case study of the Portuguese route to Santiago, Int. J. Tourism Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2 4. Elsner, J. (1992) A Greek pilgrim in the Roman World. Past and Present. Issue. 135. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p3-29. 5. Ghatge L.N. & Kumbhar V. (2015) Growth and performance of tourism industry in India: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274081904 6. Gokhale, J.B. (1986). The sociopolitical effects of ideological change: The Buddhist conversion of Maharashtra untouchables. The Journal of Asian Studies Association for Asian Studies, 45(2), 269-292. 7. Gupta TC, Mirjha ND (2016) Development of Tourism Industry and Marketing in Chhattisgarh. J Tourism Hospit 5: 219. doi:10.4172/21670269.1000219 8. Josan, I. (2009). Residents? perceptions of pilgrimage tourism. In: Sociology of Religion. Vol. 63. No. 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p475-496. 9. Rinschede, G. ?Forms of Religious Tourism.? Annals of Tourism Research 19, no. 1 (1992): 51-67. 10 Shackley, M. Managing Sacred Sites: Service Provision and Visitor Experience. London: Continuum, 2001 11. Shalini N. Tripathi& Masood H. Siddiqui (2010). An empirical study of tourist preferences using conjoint analysis, Int. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2010 13 Shinde.K.A (2018).Governance and management of religious tourism in India, vol. 6 (i) Retrieved from: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/ 13. LokSabha Secretariat (2013) Tourism Sector in India, Retrieved from :http://164.100.47.134/intranet/TourismSectrinIndia.pdf 14. https://www.ixigo.com/giroudpuri-dham-chhattisgarh-india-ne-1701832? 15. www.marketingpower.com

In this study, a special study is done in comparison of computerized accounting system and manual accounting system of microfinance banks cited in Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India from 2020-2021. According to the objectives, many hypotheses are being prepared, it?s post-facto and research. The design is being adopted as a whole, based on the new technology in the world, and the study books, annual reports, accounting systems, quoted from the accounts of microfinance banks. These findings showed that the computerized accounting system has a more positive effect on the reported profitability of banks than the manual system of accounting. This results in saving employee as well as employee time. Based on this, the study recommends that microfinance banks should introduce computerized accounting systems in all parts of India as compared to manual accounting systems so that its profitability in banks as well as other offices. The level has a more positive effect.

Computerized Accounting System, Manual Accounting System, and Tally.

1. The Accounting ReviewVol. 31, No. 2 (Apr., 1956), pp. 278-285 (8 pages) 2. Abdel-Rahim, H. Y. and D. E. Stevens. 2018. Information system precision and honesty in managerial reporting: A re-examination of information asymmetry.?Accounting, Organizations, and Society?(64): 31-43. 3. Abernethy, M. A., and A. M. Lillis. 1995. The impact of manufacturing flexibility on management control system design.?Accounting, Organizations and Society?20(4): 241-258. 4. Abinanti, L. 1996. Put OLAP to work in our data warehouse.?Management Accounting?(October): 54-55. (Online analytical processing). 5. Abiteboul, S., R. Hull, and V. Vianu. 1995.?Foundations of Databases. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 6. Abrams, B. S. 1957. A one-card timekeeping system.?N.A.C.A. Bulletin?(March): 929-933. 7. Ackoff, R. L. 1967. Management misinformation systems.?Management Science?(December): B147-B156. (JSTOR link). (Five assumptions underlying management information systems that are frequently unjustified). See Rappaport, A. 1968. Management misinformation systems - Another perspective.?Management Science?(December): B133-B136. (JSTOR link) 8. Www. Wikipedia 9. Magazine 10. Ncert Computer Book

Sex Ratio is one of the social indicators which depict the status of women. Imbalanced sex ratio has drawn serious attention only in the after math of 1977.When harsh measures were adopted to contain growing population under the family planning programmers. One negative impact of the adoption of small family norms is that parents and society at large preferred male child. The task of the parents has been made easy by the new innovations in determining the sex of the fetus. This has replaced to a large extent infanticide with feoticide. The 2011 census reveals that the general sex ratio in India is stable during last 15 years which was 941 in 1961 and 940 in 2011.Government is taking many initiative in many states like in Punjab, Haryana and Delhi to improve this decline in sex ratio. Present study is an attempt to examine the level and trends in the sex ratio in Punjab which has observed consistently low sex ratio over a century. The situation has worsened because of steep fail in CSR in the last census decade. The study also tried to reveal spatial variations, a various levels like district Sex ratio is one of the good indicator or a way to know the women status in the society and even socio-economic conditions of a region. If sex ratio of an area is understood then we can easily plan and comprehend demographic dynamism in terms of mortality, migration, economic characteristics, marital status etc.

Sex Ratio, Gender Discrimination, Female Feoticide, Population.

1. Anwesha Sen., Fall in Sex Ratio : A National Shame, Social Research Assistant and Internship Coordinator, SANLAAP, 38 B, Mahanirban Road, Kolkata (2011) 2. Agnihotri S.B., New Delhi, Sage Publications, Sex Ratio Patterns in the Indian Population: A Fresh Exploration 2000. 3. Bano Sabina (2012), Women and Development in Varanasi city: A case study in gender geography, Banaras Hindu University. 4. Bhaskar V. Gupta Bishnupriya (2007). India?s Missing Girls: biology, customs and economic development. Oxford Review of Economic policy, Vol 23 ,No.2,pp 221-38 5. Bhullar Gurinderjit (2011). Gender Discrimination and sex ratio imbalance in Punjab, Journal of Economic and Social Development, Vol-vii No.1 6. Bandyopadhyay Madhumita, Subrahmanian Rama (2008). Gender Equity in Education: Review of trends an factors; CREATE Pathways to Access, Research Monograph, 18

An attempt has been made to throw light on the concerns of The Central Asian region within Asia, which extends from Russia in the north to Afghanistan in the south, and from China in the east to the Cassin Sea in the west, is of great importance to India. India is trying to improve relations on every front with Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Talimistan, which separated from Soviet Russia. India has spent thousands of dollars on evacuation projects in Iran and Afghanistan. Pakistan and China have been continuously conducting anti-India marches in this region. The recent change of power in Afghanistan has stunned the world. This region has been becoming a stronghold of drugs in the world. Terrorism is once again spreading its foot in the region. The Taliban is being supported by China and Pakistan. Efforts are being made to throw light on the problems in the context of India.

Central Asia, India, Terrorism.

1. Singh Ashok Kumar, Defence, International Relations and International Law, Prakash Book Depot Bareilly, 2018 p. 146. 2. Parashar Parmanand, Terrorism World Wide Indo U. s. Perspectis, Swaroop and Sons New Delhi 1998 p. 75. 3. Pandey Ramsurat, Indian Alternative to the Islamic Bomb, 2004 p. 137. 4. Same p. 138. 5. Reddy LR, The World of Global Terrorism, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation New Delhi 2002 p. 20. 6. Rao HP, Terrorism Bioless and Human Destruction, Unmon Publications New Delhi 1992 p. 82. 7. Pandey Ramsurat, Indian Alternative to the Islamic Bomb 2004 p. 139. 8. India Today Magazine, 8 September 2021 p. 29 9. right there 10. right there 11. There p. 22. 12. Singh Ashok Kumar, Defence, International Relations and International Law, Prakash Book Depot Bareilly, 2018 p. 148.

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